PINE FAMILY 37 



Subalpiiie. 7.000 to 12.000 feet: east slope of Sierra Nevada from jroiio Pass 

 south to ;\Ionaehe Peak, attributed to west slope on high ridges south side of 

 South Fork Kings River; Panamint Range; Mt. Pinos (Ventura Co.); Sierra 

 Madre and San Bernardino mts. ; San Jacinto Mts. (W.L.J, no. 2308) ; El Toro 

 Peak. Ranges far east to Rooky Mts. of New Mexico and north to Alberta. 



Refs.— PiNUS FLEXiLis James, Long's Expeil. vol. 2, p. 3.5 (1823); Coville, Bot. Death 

 Val. p. 221 (1893). 



5. P. balfouriana Jeffrey. Foxtail Pine. Subalpine tree, 20 to 45 feet high, 

 with cone-shaped trunk 1 to -t feet in diameter at the base, the axis in old or in 

 storm-beaten trees at timber line pro.iecting through the crown as a dead and 

 shining splinter point: trunk bark i-eddisli lirown. smoothish but superficially 

 checked ; branches stout aiul rather short with half-drooping branehlets thickly 

 clothed with short needles persisting 10 to 15 years and thus resembling a fox's 

 tail; needles in 5s. bright green on the upper side, glaucous on the lower, % 

 to 1 inch long; cones slender when closed, oblong-ovate in outline when open, 

 terra-cotta color, 21/2 to 5 inches long, IS/^ to 2 inches broad; tips of the scales 

 thickened or low-pyramidal, with shrunken scar-like umbo; seeds 3I/2 to 4 lines 

 long, their wings narrow, 6 to 11 lines long; cotyledons 5. 



Timber line tree local in two widely separated areas: North Coast Ranges 

 from South Yollo BoUy north to the Scott Mts. and Marble Mt. ; southern 

 Sierra Nevada from Olanche Peak northward over the Whitney Plateau to Bubbs 

 Creek and South Fork San Joaquin, and westward to the Chagoopah Plateau 

 and Alta Peaks. 



Eefs. — PiNUS BALFOURi.\N-A Jeffrey, Oreg. Exped. 1, t. 3, fig. 1 (18.53), type loc. Scott 

 Mts., John Jeffrey; Lemmon, 2il Rep. Cal. Board For. pp. 71, 86, t. 5 (1888); Jepson, Sierra 

 Club Bull. vol. 4, p. 214, pi. 75 (1903). 



6. P. aristata Engelm. Hickory Pine. Bushy tree 15 to 40 feet high; 

 leaves 1 to li/o inches long; young bark milky white; cones slender ovate, 3 to 

 31/2 inches long, the scales armed with slender prickles 3 lines long. 



High mountains of Nevada, northern Arizona and New Mexico, east to central 

 Colorado and westward to the Death Valley region of California where it is 

 found on the Funeral. Grapevine, Charleston and Panamint ranges between 

 7.500 and 11.000 feet. Wood of poor cpiality but on account of timber .scarcity 

 it is lumbered in central Nevada where it is known as "White Pine." 



Refs. — PiNUS .\RI.ST.\TA Eugelmann, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 34, p. 331 (1862); Sargent, 

 Silva, vol. 11, p; 63, t. 5.54 (1897). P. holfoiirianu. var. aristntti Eugelmann, in Bot. Cal. vol. 

 2, p. 125 (1880). 



7. P. ponderosa Dongl. Yellow Pine. (Fig. 2.) Forest tree 60 to 225 

 feet high, the trunk 2 to 9 feet in diameter and often clear of branches for 40 

 to 100 feet; branches horizontal or drooping; trunk bark in typical trees tawny 

 yellow, divided by fissures into large scaly-surfaced plates 1 to 4 feet long and 

 l^ to 114 feet wide; needles in 3s, 5 to 10 inches long; staminate catkins j-ellow, 

 in rosette-like clusters, slender in anthesis and 1 to 2 inches long; ovulate 

 catkins purplisli. oblong-ovate, 6 to 8 lines long; cones reddish brown, narrowly 

 ovate when closed, roundish ovate or oval when open, coiniiionly 3 to 5 inches 

 long; after opening breaking through near the base and falling, leaving the 

 ba.sal scales on the limb; scales with thickened or low-pyramidal ai)ophyses, the 

 umbo abruptly drawn down into a stout somewhat triangular point or short 

 prickle; seeds ovatish, sometimes slightly flattened at apex, 3 to 5 lines long, the 

 wing broadest near the middle and tapering to ajjcx. % to 1 inch long and 4V-; 

 lines broad ; cotyledons 5 to 9. 



