46 PINACEAE 



wide, whitened and flat above but with a median ridge, convex or strongly 

 ridged below, very stitf and usually tapering to a prickly point or the upper 

 leaves less sharp or bluntly pointed; staminate catkins purple, 1 to 2i4 inches 

 long and 3 to 6 lines in diameter, borne on a peduncle 2 or 3 lines long, appear- 

 ing from large conspicuously scaly winter buds which are either terminal or 

 lateral on the branches; ovulate catkins erect or curving upwards, l^^ to 1% 

 inches long, yellowish green, the bracts longer than the scale; cones dull 

 brown, long oblong, 2 to 4 inches long and when open I14 to 114 inches in 

 diameter; scales narrow, finely and irregiilarly tootlied, with ovate-lanceolate 

 bracts V2 to % as long; seeds IV3 lines long, the wing 3 to 4 lines long and 

 1% to 2 lines broad. 



Lowlands facing the ocean from Caspar. Mendocino Co.. northward to 

 Alaska. Forms pure forests on low moi.st flats as at Crescent City, or about 

 the mouth of the Eel River where the tall wind-beaten trees are a striking feat- 

 ure of the scenery. The tallest trees of this species in California occur in the 

 western margin of the Redwood Belt in Del Norte Co. (W.L.J, no. 2905), 

 where the trunks, as also northward, are enormously buttressed at base ; trunks 

 2 to 6 feet in diameter at 6 feet above the ground are nearly twice that 

 diameter at the ground. Extensively lumbered. In cultivation called Sitka 



Spruce and, formerly. iMenzies Spruce. 



Kefs. — PiCE.4. siTCHENSis Carriore, Traite Conif. p. 260 (18.5.5). Finns sitchensis Bongard, 

 Veg. Sitcha, p. 164 (1833), type loc. Sitka, Dr. Merteiis. Abies menzicsii Lindley, Penny Cycl. 

 vol. 1, p. 32 (1833) ; Newberry, Pac. E. Eep. vol. 6, pt. 3, pp. 56, 90, f. 21, pi. 9 (1857). 



P. ENGELMANNi Eugelm. Engclmann Spruce. Branchlets pubescent ; cones 

 2% to 3 inches long. 1% inches in diameter when open, scales broad. — Rocky 

 Mts. to Arizona and Washington; also near California boundary on Ashland 

 Butte. Oregon. AV.L.J. no. 2573. 



2. P. breweriana Wats. Weeping Spruce. Singular subalpine tree 20 to 

 95 feet high ; branches clothing the trimk to the ground, few and mainly hori- 

 zontal, especially- in the top, ornamented with cord-like branchlets hanging 

 straight down and thus giving a formal efl'ect to the stiffish and very thin 

 crown; trunk I/2 to 31^ feet in diameter, its bark thin (V2 inch thick), whitish 

 and smoothish on the surface but presenting shallowly concave scars from 

 which have fallen thick scales of irregular shape, mostly 1 to 4 inches long 

 and half as wide ; inner bark white, outer bark red-brown ; leaves borne all 

 round the stem, ij to 1 inch long, roundish and green below, whitish above on 

 either side the conspicuous median ridge, obtuse at apex ; staminate catkins 

 yellow-brown, 1 inch long; ovulate catkins dark purple, li/i inches long, with 

 the sides of the scales towards the apex turned up in such a way that the 

 surface of the catkin presents rhomboidal areas; bracts appressed, with finely 

 toothed edges; cones narrowly cylindrical, 3V2 to 414 inches long, I14 to li-> 

 inches in diameter; scales rounded at apex, very thick for a spruce and with 

 smooth entire edges; bracts oblong, acute, 14 to y^ as long as the scales; seeds 

 11/0 lines long, the wing 4 lines long. 



Local subalpine species, favoring cup-like hollows at head of north canons 

 where the snow-drifts persist iintil Jul\' or latiM-. It ranges from northern 

 Trinity to the western side of Marble Mt. (W.L.J. no. 2847), eastern slope 

 of the Klamath Range (W.L.J, no. 2890), through the Siskiyous, northward 

 to the high mountains south of Rogue River and westward to the Oregon 



