56 . T.VXODIACEAE 



staminate catkins 3 lines long, with ovate crests and 4 pollen-sacs; cones oval, 

 reddish brown. % to IVs inches long and % to % inch broad, borne abundantly 

 on the ends of branchlets mostly in the top of the tree, maturing in tirst au- 

 tumn; scales 14 to 26; seeds narrowly margined, elliptic in outline, 2 lines long. 



Fog belt of the California coast from the Santa Lucia Mts. northward to 

 southwestern Oregon, forming an interrupted belt -450 miles long and 1 to 

 40 miles wide, most abundant on the western slope of the outer Coast Range. 

 The two main bodies of Redwood occur in the North Coast Ranges north of 

 the southern Sonoma line: 1. Humboldt-Del Norte area, the densest and 

 most highly developed area, begins on Smith River. Del Norte Co., and extends 

 southward through Humboldt forming splendid timber stands on Mad, Van 

 Duzen, and main Eel rivers, but recedes from the coast just south of Eureka 

 and follows the south fork of Eel River inland as far south as the vicinity of 

 Philipsville. Excepting a few scattered patches, as at Briceland and White 

 Thorn, there is a transverse break in the Redwood Belt in southern Humboldt 

 Co. 2. IMendocino-Sonoma area, begins near the north line of Mendocino 

 Co., follows the outer Coast Range southward as far as southern Sonoma 

 (near Freestone), ranging inland to Willits. Cloverdale and Napa Valley and 

 even crossing the Napa Range to the eastern slope of Howell Mt., the eastern- 

 most locality, 40 miles from the sea and on the watershed of the Sacramento 

 River (Cf. Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 24,-1901). South of Sonoma Co., the 

 Redwood occurs in isolated or restricted areas as follows: Tocaloma to Mill 

 Valley and Muir Woods in Marin Co. ; Redwood Peak, Redwood C'anon and 

 headwaters of San Leandro Creek in the Oakland Hills; Santa Cruz Mts., from 

 near Half-]\Ioon Bay to south bank of Pajaro River in San Benito Co., and 

 east to Los Gatos, Norton and Saratoga canons (lower limits 700 to 1,500 feet) 

 and Palo Alto; Santa Lucia ]\Its., seaward slope from Tobie Dow's ranch to 

 Salmon Creek Caiion (southernmost locality), chiefly confined to the narrow 

 deep caiions. There are three groves in Oregon a few miles north of the 

 California line. (Type loc. Santa Cruz, Menzies.) 



Seed abundant but seed reproduction weak; reproducing abundantly and 

 persistently by stump sprouts which form the barrier of poles or trees about 

 an old stump known as a "Redwood circle." Mature trees are 500 to 1,400 

 years old. Its most common associates are Tan Oak, Douglas Fir, and 

 Madroiia, with a tangle of Huckleberry. Salal. and Thimbleberry on the forest 

 floor. The yield is 10.000 to 60,000 feet board measure to the acre, but in Hum- 

 boldt and Del Norte large areas on the river flats, nearly or quite pure, often 

 yield 100,000 to 150,000 feet per acre, or sometimes as much as 400,000 feet; 

 a yield of 21,4 million feet to the acre has been recorded. Wood light, soft, 

 exceedingly straight and often fine-grained and used for numerous purposes 

 in the California industries. Redwood lumber in this State has been of in- 

 calculable value in railroad, telegraph and dwelling construction, manufactur- 

 ing, and general farm purposes. California might have spared her gold mines 

 but not the resources of the Redwood Belt. 



Eefs. — Sequoia sempeevirexs Endlielier, Syn. Con. p. 19S (1847) ; Purdy, Card, and For. 

 vol. 3, p. 235 (1890) ; Gibbous, Erythea, vol. 1, p. 161 (1893) ; Peirce, Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 3, 

 Bot. vol. 2, p. 83 (1901). Taxodium sempervirens Lambert, Pinus, vol. 2, p. 24, t. 7 (1828). 

 Sequoia gigantea Endlieher, Syn. Conif. p. 198 (1847). Redwood, Nordhoff, N. Cal. Ore. & 

 Sandwich Isl. p. 168 (1877); Sargent, Gard. & For. vol. 10, p. 41 (1897). 



