CYPRESS FAMILY 63 



blue-black with a whitish bloom and 4 to 5 lines long, resembling the next 

 but the cotyledons 4 to 6. 



Desert ranges of California east of the Sierra Nevada: Wliite and Inyo 

 mts., Panamint Range, Grapevine and Providence mts., and north to Virginia 

 City. Widely distributed in Nevada, Arizona and Utah. 



Befs. — JuNiPERUS UTAHENSIS Lemmon, Rep. Cal. Board For. vol. 3, p. 183, t. 28, fig. 2 

 (1890). J. californica var. utaheiisis Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. vol. 3, p. 588 (1877) ; 

 Watson, Bot. Cal. vol. 2, p. 113 (1880). 



4. J. occidentalis Hook. Sierra Juniper. Subalpine tree 10 to 25 or 

 sometimes G5 feet high; trunk 1 to 5 feet in diameter, the bark dull red, 

 flaking off in thin scales or shreds; branchlets alternate, the ultimate ones 

 small, numerous, congested; leaves in 3s, i/^ line long, ovate-triangular, bear- 

 ing on the back a more or less distinct gland or pit, or on vigorous shoots sub- 

 ulate and 1 to 2 lines long; staminate catkins 11/2 to 2 lines long, 6 pollen-sacs 

 under each peltate scale; berries globose to ovoid, blue-black with a whitish 

 bloom, 3 to 5 lines long, almo.st smooth or minutely umbonate, with resinous 

 juicy flesh and 2 seeds (rarely 1 or 3) ; seeds flat on the face, the convex back 

 with 3 to 5 resinous-glandular pits ; embryo % to 1 line long, with 2 cotyledons. 

 Timber line tree in Sierra Nevada, 6,000 to 10,000 feet in southern part 

 and 3,500 to 7,000 feet in northern part, occurring as scattered individuals or 

 in open groves, often found on the bare granite; trunks tapering strongly 

 upward. Ranges south to San Bernardino Mts. and San Pedro ]\Iartir, north 

 to Mt. Shasta, thence west to Trinity Mts. and south to South Yollo Bolly 

 (W.L.J., 1897). Extends north through eastern Oregon to Idaho. 



Eefs. — JuNiPERUS OCCIDENTALIS Hooker, Fl. Bor. Am. vol. 2, p. 166 (1839), type loc. Colum- 

 bia River basin, Douglas; Muir, Mts. of Cal. p. 204 (1901). 



TAX AC E A E. Yew Family. 



Trees or shrubs with linear flat 2-ranked leaves. Staminate and ovulate 

 organs on different trees. Stamen clusters arising from axillary buds on 

 under side of branchlets, the filaments monadelphous in a column. Ovules 

 solitary and terminal on the branchlets. Seed with a bony coat, set in a 

 fleshy disk or completely enveloped by it. Embryo small, embedded in 

 abundant endosperm; cotyledons 2. 



Fruit scarlet; stamens 8 to 12 in a cluster; leaves % to % inch long, acute at apex, without 

 resin-canal 1- Taxus. 



Fruit green or purplish; stamens 24 to 32 in a cluster; leaves 1% to 2i^ inches long, stiffish, 

 bristle-pointed, the resin-canal central 2. Torreya. 



1. TAXUS L. Yew. 



Trees or shrubs with leaves bluntish or merely acute. Stamens 8 to 12 in a 

 cluster, the 4 to 9 pollen-sacs borne under a shield-like crest. Ovule seated 

 upon a circular disk which in fruit becomes cup-shaped, fleshy and red, sur- 

 rounding the bony seed, the whole berry-like. — Northern hemisphere, 1 species 

 and a subspecies. (Ancient Latin name of the yew.) 



1. T. brevifolia Nutt. Western Yew. Small tree 15 to 30 feet high, 

 rarely exceeding 40 feet, irregular in outline, the branches of unequal length 

 and standing at various angles Init tending to droop; trunk l/o to 2 feet in 

 diameter, witli a thin red-brown smooth bark whi('h becomes shreddy as it 

 flakes off in thin and rather small pieces ; leaves linear, acute at apex, shortly 

 petioled, flat with midrib in relief above and below, 3 or mostly 6 to 8 lines 



