SPARGANIACEAE 67 



Staminate and pistillate portions of spikes usually separated by a small interval; pistillate 

 flowers with braetlets '2. T. an gusti folia. 



1. T. latifolia L. Common Cat-tail. Stout, 31/2 to 6 feet high ; leaves very 

 long, flat, slieathing at the base, i/^ to 1 inch broad ; spike 7 to 13 inches long ; 

 pistillate portion of spike without braetlets; stigma rhombic-lanceolate; pol- 

 len-grains in -I's; fruiting spike dark brown or blackish, 10 to 12 lines thick. 



Common in marshes and marshy places by creeks : San Francisco Bay region, 

 Great Valley and Sierra Nevada foothills, south to southern California, north 

 to Washington. Throughout nortli temperate zone. 



Eefs.— Typha latifolia L. Sp. PI. 971 (1753) ; Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 188 (1880) ; Jepson, Fl. 

 W. Mid. Cal. 96 (1901). 



2. T. angustifolia L. Stems slender, 3 to 8 feet high; leaves 3 to 6 lines 

 broad, somewhat convex on the back ; pistillate flowers with a hair-like bractlet 

 dilated at apex and a linear stigma ; pollen-grains simple ; fruiting spikes light 

 or dark brown, 5 to 6 lines thick. 



Marshes : Los Angeles, San Bernardino, south into Lower California, and 

 east and northeast through the desert regions. North and South America, 

 Europe, Asia, north Africa. 



Refs.— Typha angustifolla L. Sp. PI. 971 (1753); Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 189 (1880); 

 Abrams, Fl. Los Ang. 8 (1904). T. brncteata Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 413 (1887), type 

 from Santa Cruz Island, Greene. T. domingensis Rohrb. ; Brandegee, Zoe, 1: 146 (1890). 



SPAEGANIACEAE. Bur-reed Family. 

 Marsh or aquatic plants with terete stems from creeping rootstoeks, alternate 

 long-linear 2-ranked leaves and monoecious flowers in globose heads. Ovary 

 1 to 2-celled. Fruit consisting of obovoid or spindle-shaped nutlets, 1 to 



2-seeded. — One genus. 



Bibliog. — Graebner, P., Sparganiaceae (Engler, Pflzr. toil 4, abt. 10, — 1900). Morong, T., 

 Sparganium (Bull. Torr. Club, vol. 15, pp. 73-81,-1888). 



1. SPARGANIUM L. Bub-reed. 

 Perennials with fibrous roots and horizontal rootstoeks. Heads scattered 

 along the upper portion of the simple or sparingly branched stem ; lower 

 heads pistillate, with leaf-like bracts; upper heads staminate. Stamens with 

 minute scales interposed, their filaments slender and elongated. Ovaries sur- 

 rounded by 3 to 6 linear-subulate scales forming a sort of calyx. — North tem- 

 perate and arctic zones, and New Zealand, 15 species. (Sparganion, the Greek 

 name, diminutive of sparganon. a swaddling-band, on account of the ribbon- 

 like leaves.) 

 Inflorescence compound; pistillate flowers sessile; nutlets obovoid, with truncate or rounded 



summit; fruiting heads 10 to 15 lines in diameter 1. S. eurycarpum. 



Inflorescence simple; pistillate flowers pediceled; nutlets spindle-shaped, with tapering sum 

 mit; fruiting heads 7 to 10 lines in diameter. 



Leaves (2% to 5 lines wide) and bracts conspicuously scarious-margined 2. S. simplex. 



Leaves (1% to 2 lines wide) and bracts not conspicuously scarious-margined 



3. S. aiujn.-ilifolium. 



1. S. eurycarpum Engelm. Erect, rather slender, 3 to 8 feet high, with 

 branching inflorescence; leaves flat and thin, slightly keeled beneath; stami- 

 nate heads 5 to 13; pistillate heads 2 to 4 on the stem or branch, sessile or 

 more commonly peduncled ; fruiting heads % to li/i inches in diameter; nut- 

 lets sessile, obovoid. several-angled, with a truncate or depressed summit, 

 tipped with the short style. 3 for nearly 3) lines broad, 4 lines long, including 

 the style. 



