PONDWEED FAMILY 75 



Var. LATiFOLiA MoroDg. Stem stout, sometimes 8 or 10 feet long ; leaves 3 to 6 

 lines wide ; nutlet with a distinct stipe, the pericarp splitting along the face ; 

 seed witliout ribs. — Santa Bai-bara (tj^pe loc.) to Monterey, Bolinas Bay and 

 nortliward to Puget Sound. 



Refs.— ZosTERA MARINA L. Sp. PI. 968 (1753); Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 192 (1880); Morong, 

 Mem. Torr. Club, 3=: 62, pi. 69 (1893) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 101 (1901). Z. pacifica and 

 orcgana Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 131 (1891). Var. latifolia Morong, Bull. Torr. Club, 13: 

 160 (1886). Z. latifolia Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 3": 63, pi. 71 (1893). 



5. PHYLLOSPADIX Hook. 

 Aquatic plants of rocky ocean shores, closely related to Zostera, with 

 elongated narrowly-linear radical leaves from much branched creeping root- 

 stocks. Flowers dioecious, borne in 2 rows on the side of a flattened spadix, 

 with a lateral chartaceous appendage covering each flower in the bud, the 

 whole inflorescence enclosed by a spathe which is produced beyond the spadix 

 as a foliaceous prolongation. Staminate spadices with sessile anthers ; pistils 

 or rudiments none. Pistillate spadices with rudimentary anthers alternating 

 with the pistils; pistils simple, with 2 stigmas; ovary sagittate-cordate, i. e., 

 with two downwardly-produced horns at base, which in fruit are strongly 

 developed and bear on the inside deflexed bristles serving to attach the floating 

 nutlets to other plants on the beaches. — Two or 3 species. (Greek phullon, 

 leaf, and spadix, a kind of inflorescence.) 



Flowering stems 1 foot long or more, bearing 2 to 5 pistillate spadices 1. P. torreyi. 



Flowering stems 2 or 3 inches long, bearing 1 pistillate spadix or rarely 2 2. P. scouleri. 



1. P. torreyi "Wats. Rootstocks brittle; leaves l^/o to 2 feet long, 1/2 to 1 

 line broad; pistillate spadices 1 to 1% inches long; staminate spadices shoi-ter 

 and with shorter peduncles; nutlet 23^4 lines long. 



Low tide limits to two fathoms below: San Diego south to Ensenada (Lower 

 California), north to Santa Barbara, Bolinas Bay and Russian River; usually 

 in more quiet waters than the next. The plants have been used for fireproofing 

 and deadening as a filling between the walls of buildings. 



Refs. — PHYLLOSPADIX TORREYI Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 303 (1879), type loc. Santa Bar- 

 bara, Torrey: Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 192 (ISSO) ; Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 3=: 64, pis. 72, 74 

 (1893) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 102 (1901) ; Abrams, Fl. Los Ang. 14 (1904). 



2. P. scouleri Hook. Very similar to the preceding but the leaves rather 

 broader, % to 2 lines wide, and more obviously 3-nerved; nutlet larger. 



Santa Barbara, Pacific Grove, Dillon's Beach (Baker), Russian River (Dud- 

 ley) and northward to the Columbia River and Vancouver Island. Also on the 

 coast of Hokaido (Japan). 



Refs. — Puvi.LosPADLS SCOULERI Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 171, t. 186 (1839); Wats. Bot. Cal. 

 2: 192 (1880); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 3=: 65, pis. 73, 74 (1893); Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. 

 Cal. 102 (1901). 



6. NAIAS L. Naiad. 



Slender branching submerged fresh-water plants with linear opposite spiny- 

 toothed leaves, which are seemingly whorled on account of the ones crowded in 

 the axils. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, solitary in the axils. Staminate 

 flower consisting of a single stamen enclosed by two perianth-like envelopes. 

 Pistillate flower naked, consisting of a single ovary bearing a style with 2 to 4 

 stigmas. Fruit a seed-like nutlet, tipped with the persistent style. — World- 

 wide distribution, 32 species. (Greek Naias, a water-nymph.) 



Leaves coarsely toothed, the sheathing base entire or with 1 or 2 teeth on each side; stems and 

 back of the leaves often spiny; flowers dioecious 1. N. marina. 



