] 34 GRAMINEAii 



Tuolumue River, Lcmmon ; Lyell Fork, HitchcocJc 3286; Sequoia Nat. Park, Crabtree Meadow, 

 Hitchcock 3440, Little Kern, Hitchcock 3469. 



Refs. — D.^NTHONIA INTERMEDIA Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 52. 1883. D. sericca [Nutt. 

 misapplieO byj Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 294. 1880. 



Tribe VII. ClILORIDEAE. 



37. CYNODON Rieh. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, compressed, awnless. sessile in 2 rows along 1 side of 

 a continuous racliis. Glumes unequal, narrow, acute, keeled. Rachilla pro- 

 longed behind the floret as a blunt pedicel. Lemma broad, boat-shaped, obtuse, 

 ciliate on the keel. Palea as long as lemma, the prominent keels close together, 

 eiliolate. Low perennials with creeping rhizomes or stolons, and slender digi- 

 tate luiilateral spikes. — Species 4, warm regions. (Greek kuon, a dog. and 

 odous, a tooth.) 



1. C. dactylon Pers. Bermuda Grass. Culms flattened, wiry, glabrous; 

 ligule a conspicuous ring of white hairs; spikes 4 or 5, 1 to 21/2 inches long; 

 spikelets imbricated, 1 line long, the lemma longer than the glumes. 



A native of the warmer parts of the Old World, now widely Ciiltivated in the 

 western hemisphere from Virginia to Argentina. Not uncommon in California, 

 especially along irrigating ditches; from Sacramento {Michoicr 147) and Cala- 

 veras Co. {Davy 1458) south to Santa Catalina Island {Trask) and Yuma Res. 

 {Chase 5516). Abundantly escaped in the southern part of the U. S. 



Refs.— Cynodon dactylon Pers. Syn. 1: 85. 1805; Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 292. 1880,- 

 Davy in Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 56. 1901 ; Abrams, Fl. Los Aug. 41. 1904. Panicwn dactylon 

 L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753. Capriola dactylon Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 764. 1891. 



38. SPARTINA Schreb. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed, articulated below the glumes, 

 sessile and closely imbricated in 2 rows on 1 side of a continuous rachis, the 

 unilateral spikes scattered along a common axis. Glumes unequal, keeled, 

 acute or bristle-pointed. Lemma thin, obtuse, 1-nerved, usually shorter than 

 the second glume. Palea equaling or exceeding the lemma. Coarse perennials 

 with strong rhizomes, rigid culms and long tough blades. — Species about 10, 

 mostly maritime, in temperate regions of Europe and America. (Greek spar- 

 tine, a cord, referring to the tough leaves.) 



Spikes closely approximate, forming a cylindrical inflorescence ; glumes smooth ; blades wide,. 



flat below 1. S. foliosa. 



Spikes distinct; glumes ciliate; blades narrow and soon involute 2. S. gracilis. 



1. S. foliosa Trin. Culms stout, as much as I/2 inch thick at base, usually 

 rooting from the lower nodes, 1 to 4 feet high, somewhat spongy in texture ;^ 

 blades 4 to 6 lines broad at the flat base, gradually narrowed to a long involute 

 tip, smooth on surface and margin ; inflorescence dense, spike-like, aljout Q 

 inches long ; spikes approximate, numerous, close-appressed, 1 to 2 inches long ; 

 spikelets indurated, very flat, about I/2 inch long ; glumes ciliate on keel, acute 

 but not awned, the first narrow, about % as long as second, smooth, the second 

 sparingly hispidulous and striate-ncrved; lemma hispidulous on sides, smooth 

 on keel, a little shorter than the second glume ; palea thin, longer than the 

 lemma, 1-keeled, 2-nerved. 



Salt marshes along the coast from San Francisco Bay southward. Useful in 

 reclaiming marsh land. 



Locs. — Reclamation, Eastwood in 1897; Oakland, Blankinship 18; San Francisco, Bioletti 

 124, Bolander 1556; Newport, Parish Bros. 1602; San Diego, Orcutt 569, Palmer 274 in 1888. 



