GRASS FAMILY 167 



era heiiiispliere, in America extending south to Virginia, Colorado, and southern 

 California. 



Refs. — Festuca rubra L. Sp. PI. 74. 1753; Davy in Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. (38. 1901. 

 F. ovina L. var. rubra Gray, Man. ed. 5. 63.3. 1867; Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 317. 1880. 

 F. rubra var. 7mtltiflora Aschers. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2 : 499. 1900. Var. densiuscula 

 Hack.; I'iper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 22. 1906 (as subsp.). Var. pruiiiosa Hack, in Rep. Bot. 

 Exchange Club Brit. Isles 119. 1884. 



Piper has recognized three subspecies of F. rubra in California (Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 

 22. 1906): F. rubra muJtifiora Aschers. & Graebn. Lake Tahoe, Hitchcock in 1901; Bear 

 Valley, Lemmon 5434. A specimen coUectecl by Anderson at Santa Cruz appears to belong to 

 tliis form. F. rubra pruinosa Hack. Ft. Bragg, Davy 4' Blasdalc 6117; Pt. Reyes, Davy 6811. 

 F. rubra clensiuscula Hack. Crescent City, Davy 4" Blasdalc 5931, 5932. These specimens ap- 

 pear to belong to the same form as the two preceding. — These forms appear to be scarcely 

 worthy of varietal rank. The first is distinguished chiefly by being tall and stout and by 

 having flat blades. The second and third by the denser panicle and glaucous spikelets, the 

 second having green leaves and the third glaucous leaves. 



13. F. howellii Hack. Resembling F. rubra but tall and stout, aliout 4 i'eet 

 high: culms numerous, erect at base, in a close tuft; blades a foot or more 

 long, folded, smooth ; spikelets larger, the lemmas about 31/2 lines long, awned. 



Sherwood Valley, Davy tC; Blasdale 5231; rocky woods, Sherwood, Hitchcock 

 2706, 2716 ; Mt. Hood, Sonoma Co., Heller 5628. The specimens mentioned may 

 be forms of the variable F. rubra, but they agree in the characters given. Heller 

 no. 5G28 is a good match for the type from Deer Creek ]\It., Oregon {Howell 248), 

 the oidy other specimen known. 



Ref. — Fkstuoa howellii Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Aiu. 2: 591. 1896. 



14. F. occidentalis Hook. Culms densely tufted, slender, erect, shining, 

 11/2 to 2yn feet high; sheaths smooth; blades numerous, mo.stly basal, filiform- 

 involute, bright gi'ecn, soft, 2 to 8 incites long; panicle loose, subsecund, 3 to 8 

 inches long, often drooping above, the rays solitary or the lowest in pairs; 

 spikelets loosely 3 to 5-flowered, 3 to 5 lines long, mostly on slender pedicels, 

 pale green ; lemmas rather thin, 21/0 to 3 lines long, seaberulous toward the 

 apex, attenuate into a slender awn about as long. 



Dry rocky wooded slopes and banks; Sequoia Nat. Park {Davidson 2114) and 

 San Mateo Co. {Baker 1920) ; north to British Columbia and east to Wyoming 

 and northern Michigan. 



Ref. — Festuca occident.\lis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 249. 1840. 



15. F. idahoensis FJmer. Blue Bunciigrass. Ciilnis densely tufted, smooth 

 or somewhat scabrous above, 1 to 3 feet high; blades numerous, mostly basal, 

 rather stiff and firm, more or less flexuous, scabrous, 6 to 12 inches long, some- 

 times shorter; panicle narrow, 4 to 8 inches long, the branches appressed or 

 ascending, very scabrous; spikelets about as in F. rubra, the lemmas firmer, 

 the awn 1 to 2 lines long. 



Open woods and rocky slopes; middle California to British Columbia, east to 

 Alberta and Colorado. 



Locs. — "Warner Mts., Griffltlis cf Hunter 469, 472; Alturas, Applegate 898; Castella, Piper 

 6329; Trinity Co., Blankiiinhip 11; Hupa, CluuidUr \?M\; Mcndociiin Co., Bamj cf- Blasdale 

 5314; Plumas Co., Lemmon 4653; Mt. Sanhedrin, IhUrr 5951; Hood's Peak, Sonoma Co., 

 Heller 5629; Vaea Mts., Jepson in 1897; Congress S])rings, Uitelieoek 2655. 



Refs. — Festuci idahoensis Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 53. 1903. F. iiu/rala Rydb. Bull. Torr. 

 Club 32: 608. 1905. F. ovina L. var. inrjrata Hack.; P.cal. Grasses N. Am. 2 : 598, 1896. 



16. F, brachyphylla S.-hult. Culms ered, tufted, low, 4 to 6 inches high; 

 blades about i - as long as the culms, filiform, soft, angled in drying, the tissue 

 soft between the angles; panicle short and narrow. 1 to 2 inches long, few- 



