GRASS FAMILY 169 



3945), upon which Thurber based his description, is Fcstuca calif orniva. Bromus drpauper- 

 atus Presl is said to have been collected by Haenkc at Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island. 

 The type specimen, in the Bohemian National Museum at Prague, is a species of Festuea closely 

 allied to F. elmeri Scribn. & Merr. but appears to be diiferent from any known species from 

 the Northwestern States. There is nothing on the label accompanying the type specimen 

 to indicate its origin and the published locality may be an error. In the type specimen the 

 lemmas are firm, terete, indistinctly nerved, scabrous, long-acuminate, long-awned from be- 

 tween setaceous teeth. Presl 's description is accurate. 



20. F. parishii Hitchc. n. comb. Resembles F. californica but culms lower, 

 about 11/2 to 2 feet high ; sheaths puberuleut ; blades 6 to 10 inches long, closely 

 involute, smooth below or nearly so; panicle 4 to 5 inches long; awn of lemma 

 11/2 to 2 lines long. 



Only IvHowii from the San Bernardino Mts. (Parisli Bros. 857, Parish 2490, 

 5036)." 



Befs. — Festdca pabishh Hitchc. F. aristulata Shear subsp. parishii Piper, Contr. Nat. 

 Herb. 10: 33. 1906, type Parish 5036. 



21. F. elatior L. Me.\.dow Fescue. Culms smooth, 2I2 to 4 feet high; 

 sheatlis smootli ; blades flat, 2 to 4 lines wide, scabrous above; panicle erect, 

 or nodding at summit, 4 to 8 inches long, contracted after flowering, much- 

 branched or nearly simple, the branches spikelet-bearing nearly to base ; spike- 

 lets usually G to 8-flowered, 4 to 6 lines long; glumes li^ and 2 lines long, 

 lanceolate; lemmas oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 21/2 to 31/2 lines long, the 

 searious apex acutish. 



Meadows and roadsides : Mt. Shasta, Lemmon 5458; Yreka. Butler 16'36; Jess 

 Valley, Modoc Co., Griffiths (& Hunter 409. A native of Europe, cultivated in the 

 U. S. under tlie name of Meadow Fescue, and escaped into fields and waste places 

 throughout the cooler portion of America. 



Refs. — Pestuca elatior L. Sp. PI. 75. 1753. F. pratensis Huds. Fl. Angl. 37. 1762. 



22. F. subuliflora Scribn. Culms rather slender, glabrous, 2 to 3 feet high; 

 sheaths sparsely hispidulous; blades flat, rather soft, hirsutulous above, IV2 to 

 3 lines wide; panicle loose, open, somewhat drooping, 4 to 8 inches long, the 

 branches slender, mostly solitary, naked lielow the middle; spikelets loosely 3 

 to 4-flowered; glumes subulate, glabrous, 1-nerved, 1^/^ and 2 lines long; 

 lemmas lanceolate, scabrous toward the apex, keeled above, 3 to 4 lines long, 

 tipped with a more or less flexuous awn 5 to 7 lines long, abruptly contracted 

 at base into a hispidulous tubular structure including the rachilla, the latter 

 apparently disarticulating half way between the florets. 



In the Coast Ranges of northern California, north to Vancouver Island. 



Locs. — Crescent City, Davy Sc Blasdale ; Humboldt Bay, Chandler 1184; Kneeland, Blankin- 

 ship 7; Hubbard Sta., Davy 4" Blasdale 5407. 



Refs. — Festuca subuliflora Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 5: 396. 1890. F. deiitieu- 

 lata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 589. 1896; Davy in Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 69. 1901. 



23. F. elmeri Scribn. & Merr. Culms slender, IV2 to 3 feet high, glabrous; 

 sheaths nearly smooth ; blades flat, scabrous or pubescent above, 1 to 2 lines 

 wide; panicle 4 to 8 inches long, loose, open, the branches mostly in pairs, 

 smooth or nearly so, naked below; spikelets 3 or 4-flowered; glumes lance- 

 olate, glabrous, 1 and l^/o to 2 lines long; lemmas lanceolate, membranaceous, 

 minutely hispidulous, 3 lines long, cleft at the apex and bearing between the 

 short teeth a scabrous awn 1 to 4 lines long. 



"Wooded hillsides, California to Oregon, mostly in the Coast Ranges. 

 Locs. — Marysville Buttes, Heller 5562; Ukiah, Davy 4' Blasdale 5029; Lake Co., Davy 

 6648; San Francisco, Bolander 1507; Stanford University, Abrams 1646, Flvier 2101; Los 



