202 



CYPERACEAE 



enlarged into hard \vood\" tubers; leaves equaling or exceeding the stem, keeled, 

 flat or deeply channeled, 2 to 4 lines wide ; involucre of few unequal spreading 

 foliaceous bracts 3 to 13 inches long, one much the longer and more erect ; inflor- 

 escence terminal, the spikelets in clusters of 1 to 3, the clusters congested-capitate 

 or commonl.v somewhat umbellate with unequal rays ; rays 14 to II/2 inches long ; 



spikelets ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, 6 to 10 lines 

 long; scales thinly scarious, obscurely puberuh'nt or 

 L \vi subglabrous, keeled, bifid or lacerate, with a short 



soon recurved subulate awn between the teeth ; bristles 

 2 to 6, minutely and retrorselj- scabrous, shorter than 

 the achene; style 2-cleft; achene round-obovate, sub- 

 lenticular, obtuse or truncatish, slightly apieulate, 

 dark brown, shining. 



Salt marshes and moist alkaline soils : throughout 

 California. North to Oregon and east to New Jereey. 



Locs. — Ne. Modoe Co., Manning; Samoa, Humboldt Bay, 

 Tracy 3099; Napa, Jcpson; Suisim Marshes, Jepson 2459; 

 Benieia, Jepson 7436; Alvarado, Jepson; Bakersfield, Davy 

 1826; San Beruardino, Parish; Imperial, Parish 8376. The 

 typical form has -whitish spikelets. The var. paludosus Fern, 

 has drab or castaneous spikelets but does not differ other-nase. 

 It has much the same range as the species in California. 



Eefs. — SciRPUS CAMPESTMS Britton, 111. Fl. ed. 1, 1:267 

 (1896), tvpe North American. S. maritimus Wats. Bot. Cal. 

 2:218 (1880). in part, S. rohustus Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 87 

 (1901). Yar. compact ii-s Davy in Jepson I.e. 88, type loc. 

 Stege, Davy 407.5 ; spikelets congested into dense heads. Var. 

 paludost(s Fern. Rhod. 2:241 (1900). S. paludosus Nelson, 

 Bull. Torr. Club, 26:5 (1899), type loc. Granger, Wyo., Nelson. 

 S. pacificvs Britton; Parish, Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 4:8 (1905), 

 type loc. s. Cal. coast. 



12. S. fluviatilis Gray. Similar to S. campestris; 

 bract of the inflorescence exceedingly elongated; scales 

 minutely puberulent, subulate awn recurved ; bristles 

 exceeding the achene ; achene brownish or drab, 

 narrow-obovoid, flatfish on one face, strongly carinate- 

 keeled on the other, obscurely apieulate, shortlj' 

 attenuate at ba.se. 

 Borders of lakes and streams, probably throughout northern California but 

 rarely collected. East to New Jersey. 



Locs. — Honey Lake, Davy 3313; Sutter Co., Copeland 3263. 



Eefs. — SciRPUS FLUVIATILIS Grav, Man. 527 (1848). S. maritimm var. fluviatilis Torr. 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3:324 (1836), type loc. w. New York, Gray. 



13. S. microcarpus Presl. Panicled Bulrush. (Fig. 23.) Stems from 

 stout creeping rootstoeks, stout, triangular, leafy, 2 to 5 feet high ; leaves flat, 

 4 to 8 lines wide; margins scabrid ; involucre of several spreading foliaceous 

 bracts, about 1 to 2 times as long as the inflorescence ; spikelets 1 to 5 in tei-minal 

 and axillary clusters, the elu.sters in an umbellate compound panicle ; panicle 

 large and open, the rays 1 to 6 inches long, the raylets I/4 to % inch long ; spike- 

 lets narrow-ovate, greenish or lead-colored, 1 to 21/1; lines long; scales ovate, 

 membranous, with broad green midrib ; bristles 4, barbed to the base ; stamens 2 ; 

 style 2-cleft ; achene pale, plano-convex, not angled on the back, abruptly short- 

 beaked, lo line long. 



Common along streams and in fresh-water niai-shes : California to Alaska and 

 Newfoundland. 



Fig. 22. SciRPUS CAMPES- 



. TRis Britton. a, cluster 

 of spikelets, X 1 ; b, scale, 

 X 3 ; c, achene, X 3 ; d, 

 achene and bristles, X 3. 



