212 CYPERACEAE 



straw-colored or brownish, pointed ; pistillate spikes wider, the scales ovate to 

 lanceolate, concealing the perig-jTiia, yellowish-brown, with broad hyaline margins 

 and lighter center; perigynia lanceolate, 4 mm. long, lightly nerved ventrally. 

 strongly nerved dorsally, tapering into a strongly serrulate beak nearly 2 mm. 

 long, its apex h.yaline; styles elongate. 



Dry or alkaline soil along or east of the Sierra Nevada from Modoc Co. to 

 Inyo Co. ; south to Mt. Pinos. North to British Columbia, east to Nebraska. 



Locs. — Mt. Pinos, Ventura Co., Hall 6.554; North Fork Crooked Creek, White Mts., Jepson 

 7271; Mono Valley, Bnwer 1813; Yosemite, Bolandcr f)199; Donner Lake, Davy 3233 B; 

 Warner Mts., Griffiths 4' Hunter 459. 



Ref.— Carex DouGLAsn Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:213, pi. 214 (1840), type loe. North- 

 west Coast, Douglas. 



7. C. simulata Mackenzie. Culms 3 to 5 dm. high; leaf-blades 2 to 4 mm. 

 wide, fiat; head linear-oblong or oblong-ovoid, 12 to 25 mm. long, the 5 to 15 

 spikes pistillate, staminate or androgynous; scales concealing the perigynia, 

 cuspidate, brown with hyaline margins ; perigynia broadly ovate, l.S to 2.25 mm. 

 long, nerveless ventrally, serrulate above, abniptly beaked, the beak 0.25 nmi. 

 long. 



Wet soil, west slope or mostlj' east slope of the Sierra Nevada from Fresno 

 Co. to Sierra Co. and northward. North to Washington, east to Colorado. 



Locs. — Kings Biver Canon, Dudley 3193; Rowan Mdw., Fresno Co., Dudley; Sonora trail. 

 Brewer 1855; Sierraville, Dudley; Modoc Co., Matm-inij 952 (in part) ; Sisson, Dudley. 



Rets. — Carex simulata Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Club 34:604 (1907), type loe. Chug Creek, 

 Albany Co., Wyo., A. Nehon 7316. C. gayana Boott, 111. Car. 3:126, pi. 411 (1862), not Desv. 



8. C. pansa IJailey. (Fig. 29d-f.) Culms 1.5 to 3 dm. high; leaf-blades 

 1 to 3 mm. wide ; liead 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, the spikes lance-ovoid, 7 to 10 mm. 

 long, the several to many perigynia appressed ; scales with conspicuous white- 

 hyaline margins, concealing perigynia; perigynia oblong-lanceolate, nerveless 

 ventrally. tapering at apex, the beak 1 mm. long, serrulate. 



Drifting sands along the seacoast from Monterey Co. to Del Norte Co. 

 North to Washington. 



Locs. — Asilomar, Monterey, Parish 11475; San Francisco, Olsson-Seffer; Eureka, Tracy 

 3258; Crescent City, Dudley. 



Befs. — Carex paxsa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13:82 (1880), based upon CTlatsop, Ore., Henderson, 

 and Ilivaco. Wash., Henderson ; Mackenzie, Erythea 8:25, tig. 5 (1922). 



9. C. praegracilis W. Boott. Culms 2 to 7.5 dm. high; leaf-blades 1.5 to 

 3 mm. wide, flattened or canaliculate; head 1 to 5 cm. long, the 5 to 15 spikes 

 denselj' aggregated, androg^Tious, with 4 to 10 perigynia ; scales ovate-laneeolate, 

 acute to cuspidate, nearly concealing the perigynia ; perigynia nerved on the 

 outer, nearly nerveless on the inner face. 



iVIeadows, widely distributed except on the higher mountains. Nortli tn 

 Alaska, east to Iowa. 



Locs. — San Jacinto Mts., Hall 2064; San Bernardino, Pari.sh 4651; San Antonio Mt-«.. 

 Abrams 2679; San Pedro, IFood 262; Mt. Pinos, Hall 6375; Santa Barbara, Bingham 491; 

 Pacific Grove. Heller 6634; Ilepsedani Peak, San Benito Co., Dudley; San Francisco, M. li. 

 Jones 3268; Sacramento, Bolander 4502; Giant Forest, Dudley 2987; Tallac, Dudley; Mill 

 Creek, Mt. Lassen, Hall 4- Babcoek 4308 in jiart; Hanaupah Caiion, Panamint Mts., Jepson 

 7097; White Mts., Shoekley 632. 



Refs. — Cakex PR,\EGBAcn,is W. Boott, Bot. Gaz. 9:87 (1884). type loe. San Diego, Scott. 

 C. marcida Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:212, pi. 213 (1840), type from Columbia River 

 (not J. F. Gmel. 1791). C. donqlasii Boott var. brunnea Olney, Bot. King 5:363 (1871), 

 type from Cal., Co-ultcr 805. C.\ista Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1:20 (1889), based on C. 

 douglasii var. brunnea. C. hookeriana Parish, Bull. 8. Cal. Acad. 5:26 (1906), not Dew. C. 

 sic<^ata Parish, I.e. 50, not Dew. 



Sect. 6. Muhlenbergianae Tuckerm. Densely cespitose. Culms not flattened. Spikes few, 

 androgynous or pistillate but never gynaecandrous, rarely compound. Perigynia piano 

 convex, apprcssed to reflexed, often strongly spongy at base, narrowly sharp-margmed. 

 conspicuously beaked, the beak sharply bidentate. Acheues lenticular. Stigmas 2. 



