SEDGE FAMILY 225 



Sect. 15. Firmiculmes Kiik. Ciilms wiry, triangular, aphj-llopodic, the leaf-blades often 

 riuliiuciitury at tlo«eriug tijne. Spike one, amlrogynous, the staminate part in age short- 

 pediincleil, the pistillate loosely few-flowered. Bracts al)sent. Scales more or less eharta- 

 ceous. Perigynia 1 to several, obtusely triangular, smooth, 2-keeled, but otherwise nerve- 

 less, tapering at the base, very minutely beaked, the orifice truncate. Achenes triangular 

 with nearly flat sides, closely enveloped by the perigynia, apiculate-tipped, constricted at 

 base. Stigmas 3, elongated. 



62. C. multicaulis Bailey. (Fig. 32g-i.) Culms 2 to 6 dm. high, deep green ; 

 leaves with well developed blades 1 or 2 to a culm ; inflorescence consisting of 

 a tenninal staminate part and of 2 to several perigynia in the axils of long 

 (the lower) or short (tlie upper) awned scales, these enlarged and white hyaline 

 at base; staminate scales veiy obtuse, broadly wliite hyaline margined; perigynia 

 oblong-obovoid, 5 to 7 mm. long. 



Drj' soil, coastal Southern California, 3.500 to 6000 ft. : Sierra Nevada from 

 Tulare Co. to Shasta Co., 4000 to 6000 ft. ; Coast Ranges from Monterey Co. to 

 Siskiyou Co., 100 to 4000 ft. Nort.h to Oregon. 



Locs. — Southern California: Cuyamaca, liranclepcf ; San Antonio Mts., Johnston 1738; 

 Mt. Lowe, McCkitchic. Sierra Nevada; Big Tree Canon, Tulare Co., CoviUe 4' Funston 1366; 

 Eiglit Mile, Yosemite to Wawona, Jcpson 4293; Strawberry Creek, Eldorado Co., Brainerd; 

 Sierra Valley, Lemmon; Stirling, Butte Co., Heller 10794; Quiucy, It. M. Au^stin 1004; Susan- 

 villc, Jones. Coast Ranges: Monterey Co., Davi/ 76S7; Ukiah, Bolandcr 3906; Rush Creek, 

 Trinity Co., Yates 533; Siskiyou Co., Butler 853. 



Refs. — Care.x multicaulis Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 9:118 (1884), type loc. Yosemite Valley, 

 Torrcij 544; Mackenzie, Ers-thea 8:51, fig. 23 (1922). C. geijeri W. Boott in Bot. Cal. 2:229 

 (1880), not F. Boott. 



63. C. geyeri Boutt. Culms 1 to 4 dm. high ; leaves with well-developed 

 blades usually 2 to a culm, the blades thick, developing after flowering; inflor- 

 escence of the terminal staminate part with oblong-ovate striate obtusish straw- 

 colored scales, and 2 or 3 perigynia, the lower in the axils of short-awned scales, 

 the upper in the axils of obtusish or acutish straw-colored scales ; perigj'uia 

 appressed-ascending, oblong, 6 mm. long. 



Dry mountain sides and open woods, Siskiyou Co. (Mt. Eddy, Eggleston 

 11620). North to Alberta, ea.st to Colorado. 



Refs. — Carex geyeri Boott, Trans. Linn. Soe. 20:118 (1846), type from the n. Rockv 

 Mts., Geyer; Kiik. in Engler, Pflzr. 4^:94, fig. 19r-H (1909). 



Sect. 16. Filifoliae Tuckerm. Densely cespitose. Leaf-l)lades filiform or narrow. Spike 

 solitary, linear or linear-oblong, androgynous, densely flowered, bractless. Perigynia more 

 or less triangular, nerveless except for the 2 lateral ribs, submembranaceous, not stipitate, 

 not inflated, puberulent or pubescent, beaked or nearly beakless, hyaline-tipped and obliquely 

 cut at ape.x. Achenes triangidar, apiculate. Stigmas 3. 



64. C. exserta Mackenzie. Culms very slender and wiry, 5 to 25 cm. high ; 

 spike 7 to 15 mm. long, the pistillate part with 2 to 12 ascending perigynia, the 

 pistillate scales orbicular-ovate, obtuse, dull reddish brown with hyaline margins ; 

 perigynia obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, essentially beakless. 



Dry places in the mountains, 4000 to 11,000 ft. : San Bernardino Mts. ; White 

 Mts.; Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Eldorado Co. North to southern 

 Oregon. Forms a large part of the "short-hair meadows" in the Sierra Nevada 

 and is said to be readily eaten by stock. 



Loea. — Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mts., Parish 1784. White Mts., Jepson 7365. Sierra 

 Nevada: Mountain Lake, Tulare Co., Dudlci/ 935; Harrison Pass, Jepson 5035; Black Mt., 

 Fresno Co., Hall 4' Chandler 616; I^ittle Yosemite, Jepson 4396; Y'osemite, Jepson 4493; 

 Dana Fork Tuolumne River, Jepson 3258; Tallac, Dudley. 



Refs.— Carex exserta Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Club 42:620 (1915); Er-vthea 8:52, fig. 24 

 (1922). C. filifolia Nutt. var. crostrata Kiik. in KnghT. Pflzr. 4'":86 (190"9), tvpe loc. Echo 

 Lake, EUhirado Co., Brainerd 111. C. filifolia W. Boott in Bot. Cal. 2:229 (1880), not Nutt. 



