SEDGE FAMILY 229 



spike 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; pistillate spikes ] or 2, approximate, sessile or short- 

 pediuicled, 1 to 2 cm. long, closely 5 to ] 5-flowered ; perigjTiia 3.5 to 4.5 nun. 

 long, the body ellipsoid, glaucous, faintly nerved, exceeding the scales. 



Spliagniun bogs, Mendocino Co. (Mendocino City, Bolander 4745). North 

 to Alaska, east to Labrador. 



Eefs.— C.\REX LiviBA Willil. Sp. PI. 4:285 (180.5). C. liviosa L. var. Kvida Walil. Vet. Akad. 

 Handl. Stockholm 24:1(52 (180.3), type from ii. Eur. 



77. C. californica Bailey. (Pig. 33g-i.) Rootstocks stout ; culms 2 to 7 dm. 

 high, smooth, reddish-purple at base, strongl.y aphyllopodic ; culm-leaves 2 to 4, 

 the blades 1.5 to 5 mm. wide, glandular-dotted beneath; staminate spike 1.5 to 

 3.5 cm. long; pistillate spikes 2 to 4, strongly separate, tlie upper short exsert- 

 peduncled, the lower often nearly basal and long exsert-pedimcled, linear-oblong, 

 1 to 3 cm. long, with 7 to 20 appressed perigynia; scales hispidulous; perigynia 

 3.5 to 4 mm. long, tlie body sul)orbicular, green, several-nei-\'ed, the beak 0.75 imu. 

 long with slightly oblique orifice. 



Meadows and prairies, Mendocino Co. (J. W. Congdon). North to Wash- 

 ington. Rare and local. 



Refs. — C.\REX c.\LiFORNlCA Bailey, Mem. Torr. C*lub 1:9 (1889), type loe. Mendocino, 

 Bolander 4741; Mackenzie, Erythea 8:59, (ig. 29 (1922). C. poljimorpha W. Boott in Bot. 

 Cat 2:247 (1880), not Muhl. C. poh/morpha var. californica Kiik. in Engler, Pflzr. 4^:515 

 (1909). 



Sect. 22. I<axiflorae Kiinth. Cespitose. Fertile culms mostly lateral, the sterile shoots leafy, 

 conspicuous. Basal sheaths bro\™ish or purplish-tinged. Terminal spike staminate, linear. 

 Lateral spikes 2 to 5, pistillate or androgynous, loosely to closely few to many-flowered, in 

 few to several ranks, on erect to drooping, included or exserted peduncles. Bracts sheath- 

 ing, the sheaths green or purplish tinged, the blades leaf -like or sometimes reduced. Scales 

 green with hyaline margins or more or less colored. Perigynia ascending, membranaceous, 

 triangular, usually nerved, closely enveloping the achene, glabrous or hispidulous, tapering 

 at the base, short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire. Achenes triangukir, apiculate. 

 Stigmas 3. 



78. C. hendersonii Bailey. Culms 4 to 9 dm. high, sharply triangular, rough 

 above ; sterile shoots developing conspicuous culms ; leaf-blades 3 to 15 mm. wide, 

 spike 1.5 to 3 dm. long; pistillate spikes 2 to 4, erect, 12 to 25 mm. long, with 

 5 to 12 alternate ascending perigynia, the upper spikes approximate, the lower 

 widely separate ; scales broadly obovate, mucronate ; perigynia naiTOwly obovoid, 

 5 to 6 mm. long, tapering into a straight scarcely differentiated beak. 



Damp woods in the Coa.st Ranges from Sonoma Co. to Humboldt Co. North 

 to British Columbia. 



Locs. — Guerneville, Davy; Mendocino City, Bolander 4747; Eureka, Tracy 2202. 



Refs. — Carex henbersokii Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:115 (1886), type loc. Portland 

 Ore., L. F. Henderson; Mackenzie, " Erythea 8:fi0, fig. 30 (1922). C. laxiflora Lam. var. 

 plantaginea Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:407 (1872). 



Sect. 23. Triquetrae Carey. Cespitose, leafy toward base. Leaf-blades narrow, the sheaths 

 not purplish tinged. Temiinal spike linear, staminate. Lateral spikes 2 to 4, approximate 

 or more or less separate or sometimes basal, 5- to 30-flowered in few ranks. Bracts sheath- 

 ing, not purjilisli tinged, the lowest with a well-developed blade. Pistillate scales greenish 

 or hyaline or reddish-brown tinged. Perigynia membranaceous, ascending, obovoid, short- 

 pubescent or glabrous, triangidar, tapering and more or less stipitate at base, abruptly 

 contracted into the minute beak, the orifice obliquely cut, minutely bidentate. Aelienes 

 triangular, closely enveloped. Stigmas 3, early deciduous. 



79. C. flaccifolia Mackenzie. Culms 6 to 9 dm. high ; leaf-blades about 

 3 mm. wide ; staminate .spike 1 to 2.5 cm. long, short-peduncled ; pistillate spikes 

 mostly 3, approximate or somewhat separate, sessile or short-peduncled, 1 to 

 2.5 cm. long, rather looselj- 8- to 25-flowered; scales ovate, cuspidate; perigynia 

 short-taperiiig at ba.se, the beak 0.5 mm. long, bidentulate. 



Dry plains in southwestern California. 



Kef. — Carex flaccifolia Mackenzie, Erythea 8:92 (1922), type from sw. Cat, Geo. B. 

 Grant, May 1, 1902. 



