RUSH FAMILY 251 



8. J. efifusus L. Bog Rush. (Fig. 39b-d.) Similar in habit to J. patena 

 but stamens and perianth segments smaller and not so spreading ; stems terete, 

 2 to 4 feet high ; inner sheaths tipped with a short awn ; panicle slender, usually 

 dilifuse, many-flowered; perianth pale brown, 1 line long, the segments lanceolate, 

 acute, equaling the capsule ; capsule obovoid or even broadly clavate, obtuse or 

 retuse, triangular ; stamens 3, anthers equaling the filaments ; seeds apiculate. 



Common in springy spots or bogs, forming very dense or heavy clumps on 

 hillsides or valley flats; Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada and Southern California; 

 also distributed widely throughout the north temperate regions of both the Old 

 and the New World. Also called Sugar Grass. 



Loes. — Santa Ana River, San Bernardino Co., Parish; Berkeley, Jepson 3072; Angwing, 

 Howell Mt., Jepson; Eureka, Tracy 2548; La Moine, Sacramento River, Goldsmith 11; Sisson, 

 Jepson 6156; Middle Camp near Confidence, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6452; Center Camp, 

 Tuolumne Co., A. L. Grant 556; Yosemite Valley, Bolander. The spms. cited represent the 

 usual stoutish form of the species in California and doubtless answer to the var. paeificus 

 Fern. & Wieg. Rhod. 12:89 (1910). The typical J. effusus L. of Europe does not occur in 

 America ace. Fernald and Wiegand. 



Var. exiguus Fern. & Wieg. Very slender ; sheaths pale ; tlowers very small, pale. — 

 Yosemite Park; Widow Creek, Mt. Shasta, Goldsmith 36. Var. gracilis Hook. Culms rigid, 

 wiry; perianth segments with lateral dark-browTi bands. — Mt. Sanhedrin and north to British 

 Columbia. 



Var. brunneus Engelm. Nigger Heads. Panicle usually very short, and compact ; perianth 

 and capsule dark brown. — Coast form : Eureka, Humboldt Co., Tracy 1221 ; Pt. Benicia, Marin 

 Co., Michener 4" Bioletti; Lobos Creek, San Francisco, Kellogg; Palo Alto, Congdon; Carmel, 

 Ferguson 301. 



Refs. — JuNCUS EFFUSUS L. Sp. PI. 326 (1753), type European. Var. exiguus Fern. & 

 Wieg. Rhod. 12:87 (1910), type loc. Yosemite Valley, Bolander 4949. Var. gr.-vcius Hook. 

 Fl. Bor. Am. 2:190 (1840), type loc. "N. W. Coast. Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler." Var. 

 BRUNNEUS Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2:491 (1868), type loc. salt marshes near San 

 Francisco. Var. acmidans Bueh. in Engler, Pflzr. 4™: 136 (1906). 



9. J. drummondii E. Mey. (Fig. 39e-g.) Densely eaespitose ; stems slender, 

 terete, 6 to 1.5 inches high; inner sheaths bristle-tipped; spathe % to % inch 

 long, equaling or exceeding the inflorescence ; perianth segments 3 lines long, 

 with brown margins, lanceolate, acute, the inner a little shorter ; capsule brown, 

 oblong, retuse, nearly equaling the perianth ; seeds ovate, caudate at both ends, 

 brown. 



High montane, 7000 to 9000 feet. Sierra Nevada from Tulare Co. to Siskiyou 

 Co. Northward to Alaska ; also in the Rocky Mts. 



Locs. — Mineral King (ace Coville) ; Lake Ahiguita, Madera Co., Congdon; Mono Trail, 

 Bolander 5096; Calaveras Big Trees, HiUehrand 2337; Sonora Pass, A. L. Grant 432; Dead- 

 man Creek, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6569; Soda Springs Canon, Kennedy Lake, A. L. Grant 483; 

 Mt. Tallac, Jepson 8146; Mt. Shasta, Brewer 1383. Orca, Alaska, Jepson 450. 



Refs. — J UNCUS DRUMMONDII E. Mey. in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4:235 (1853), type loc islands 

 of Karaginsk (Mertetis) and Unalaska {Chamisso and Esclischoltz) ; Buch. in Engler, Pflzr. 

 436:142, fig. 73 (1906). J. comprcssus var. suhtriflorus E. Mev. Linnaea, 3:368 (1828), type 

 loc. Unalaska. J. suhtrifiorus Cov. Cont. IT. S. Nat. Herb. 4:208 (1893). Var. humilis 

 Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2:445 (1866), type loc. Mt. Shasta, Brewer, is simply a reduced 

 form. 



10. J. parrjd Engelm. (Fig. 39h.) Caespitose ; stems filiform, 3 to 6 inches 

 high; inner sheaths leaf-bearing, the leaves sulcate at base, terete above, much 

 shorter than the stems ; ligules none or obscure ; spathe exceeding the inflores- 

 cence, •'^4 to 1 inch long ; perianth segments 3 lines long, more or less tinged with 

 brown, lanceolate-acuminate, or the inner obtuse ; capsule oblong or narrowly 

 oblong, acute, about equaling or a little exceeding the perianth ; seeds as in J. 

 drummondii. 



Tliin soil drift or alpine meadowlets on granite slopes. Sierra Nevada, 6000 

 to 12,500 feet. Northward to British Columbia, east to the Rocky Mts. 



Locs. — Mt. Whitney, Jepson 1079; Lake Merced, Yosemite Park, Jepson 4408; Little 

 Yosemite, Jepson 4399 ; Lambert Dome, Jepson 3250 ; Silver Lake, Lassen Co., Baker ^ Nut- 

 ting; Soda Springs CaJion, Kennedy Lake, A. I.. Grant 491; Mt. Tallac, Jepson 8146a; Mt. 

 Shasta, Jepson; Medicine Lake, Siskiyou Co., Goldsmith 35. 



