260 LILIACEAE 



Bloomeria and Scoliopus are almost restricted to its limits. There are about 88 

 species and 23 varieties peculiar to California, chiefly in Allium, Brodiaea and 

 Calochort^^s. 



Bibliog. — Gray, A., Melanthacearum Am. Sept. Eevisio (Ami. Lye. N. Y. 4:105-140, 

 — 1837). Wood, A., Sketch of the Liliaceae as Represented in Oregon and California (Proc. 

 Acad. Phila. 20:165-174, — 1868). Baker, J. G., Revision of the Herbaceous Capsular Gamo- 

 phyllous Liliaceae (Jour. Linn. Soc. 11:349-436, — 1870); Revision of the Genera and Species 

 of Scilleae and Chlorogaleae (I.e. 13:209-292,-1873); Revision of the Genera and Species 

 of Tulipeae (I.e. 14:211-310, — 1874); Synopsis of the Colehicaceae and the aberrant tribes 

 of Liliaceae (I.e. 17:405-510, — 1879). Regel, E., Alliorum adhuc cognitorum monographia, 

 1-266 (1875). Be CandoUe, A., Smilaces (Konog. Phan. 1:1-217,-1878). Watson, S., Re- 

 vision of the N. Am. Liliaceae (Proc. Am. Acad. 14:213-288,-1879). Greene, E. L., Geog. 

 Distribution of Western Unifolia (Pitt. 2:31-35, — 1889). Purdy, Notes on Liliaceae (Zoe, 

 1:244-245, — 1890). Rydberg, P. A., Rocky Mt. Spp. Melanthac«ae (Bull. Torr. Club 27:528- 

 538, — 1900). Heller, A. A., Western Ve'ratrums (Mulil. 1:119-125, — 1905); Death Camas 

 (l.c! 5:50-52,-1909). Piper, C. V., Notes on Calochortus (Bull. Torr. Club 33:537-540, 

 — 1906). Trelease, W., The Desert Group Nolineae (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 50:404-443. pis. 

 1-17,-1911). Jones, M. E., Allium (Contrib. 10:4-30, 70-77, 83-86, with 17 pages of figs, 

 of onion coat markings,— 1902 ) ; [Note's on] Liliaceae (I.e. 14:21-30.-1912). Marsh & Claw- 

 son, Zvgadenus or Death Camass (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 125, — 1915). MacBride, J. P., 

 Zigadenus (Contrib. Gray Herb. n.s. 53:2-5, — 1918); Further new or othenvise interesting 

 Liliaceae (I.e. 56:1-20, — 1918). Gates, R. R., Systematic Study of N. Am. Melanthaceae (Jour. 

 Linn. Soc. Bot. 44:131-172, pi. 5, — 1918); Systematic Analytical Study of certain N. Am. 

 Convallariaeeae, considered in regard to their origin through discontinuous variation (Ann. 

 Bot. 32:253-257,-^1918). 



A. Fruit a capsule. 



1. Perennial herbs. 



Styles 3 and distinct (except no. 1); plants with rootstoeks (except nos. 4 and 5); perianth- 

 segments distinct. 

 Leaves ec|iiitant. 



Stamens with densely woolly filaments; flowers in a loose raceme 1. N.VRTHEcrUM. 



Stamens not woolly; flowers in a head or capitate raceme 2. Tofieldia. 



Leaves not equitant. 



Stem glabrous, the leaves mostly basal. 

 Perianth-segments not glandular. 



Leaves verv drv and sedge-like, rough-edged; flowers not nodding 



3. XerophtllI'M. 



Leaves not sedge-like; flowers nodding 4. Stenanthium. 



Perianth-segments glandular near the base 5. Ztgadenus. 



Stem pubescent (at least above), very leafy 6. Veratrum. 



Style 1, entire, or 3-lobed or 3-parted, or none; plants with bulbs (except no. 7). 

 Stems from a tunicated bulb or corm. 

 Flowers w-ith bracts. 



Flowers in racemes or panicles. 



Perianth-segments united below into a tube. 



Flowers in a cluster on the ground; anthers basiflxed 7. Leucocrinum. 



Flowers borne on a more or less leafy stem. 



Perianth-segments ascending; anthers versatile 8. He.speroc.allis. 



Perianth-segments reflexed; anthers basifixed 9. Odontostomum. 



Perianth-segments distinct, withering-persistent; leaves basal; anthers versatile. 

 Flowers in a raceme. 



Raceme dense; perianth 2% to 5 lines long 10. Schoenolirion. 



Raceme loose; perianth about 1 inch long 11. Camassia. 



Flowers in a panicle 12. Chlorogalum. 



Flowers in imibels or heads. 



Perianth-segments distinct or nearly so; anthers versatile. 

 Filaments not appendaged, often dilated at base. 



Umbel in the bud sheathed by a continuous spathe splitting into 2 or 3 



bracts; bractlets none 13. Allium. 



Fmbel in the bud covered by 3 distinct bracts; pedicels with minute 



bractlets 14. Muilla. 



Filaments arising from a cup-like or winged appendage 15. Bloomeria. 



Perianth-segments united below into a tube ; stamens with anthers 6 or 3 ; anthers 

 basifixed or versatile 16. Brodiaea. 



