LILY FAMILY 261 



Flowers without bracts; leaves 1 or few, basal or mostly so; anthers basifixed. 



Perianth-segments unlike, the inner very showy, usually with a glandular pit at base ; 



leaves narrow 17. Calochortus. 



Perianth-segTiients alike or nearly so, colored alike, ivithout glandular pits; leaves 



broad _ 18. Erythronium. 



Stems from a scaly bulb. 



Perianth eampanulate; anthers attached at base or below the middle; style 3-cleft or 



rarely entire 19. Fritillaria. 



Perianth funnelform; anthers versatile; style entire 20. LrLiuM. 



2. Shrubs or trees. 



Flowers rather large; fruit not winged 21. YtrcCA. 



Flowers minute; fruit Swinged 22. Nolina. 



B. Fruit a berry (except nos. 29 and 30) ; plants -with rootstocks. 



Flowers perfect; stems not prickly. 



Leaves reduced to scales; branchlets filiform 23. Asparagus. 



Leaves foliaceous. 



Plants with leafy stems ; stamens 6. 



Stem branching; flowers few, drooping. 



Flowers axillary; filaments short, flattened 24. Streptopus. 



Flowers terminal; filaments thread-like 2.5. Disforum. 



Stem simple; flowers many or numerous in a terminal raceme or panicle 



23. Smilacina. 

 Plants with only 2 or 3, or at most few leaves. 



Leaves, or at least one of them, basal, parallel-veined. 



Perianth-segments and stamens 4; leaves 2 or 3 27. Maianthemum. 



Perianth-segments 6. 



Stamens 6; leaves about 5 28. Clintonia. 



Stamens 3; leaves 2 29. SCOLIOPUS. 



Leaves 3 in a single whorl at summit of stem, netted-veined ; flower 1 ; stamens 6. 



30. Trillium. 

 Flowers dioecious; stems prickly; leaves with climbing tendrils 31. Smilax. 



1. NARTHECIUM Moeh. Bog Asphodel 

 Stems scape-like, with a dense tuft of basal leaves borne on a creeping root- 

 stock. Leaves narrowly linear and eqnitant, the cauline few and small. Flowers 

 yellowish-green, in a terminal raceme. Pedicels with a braetlet at the middle. 

 Perianth with 6 distinct segments. Stamens 6, the filaments densely woolly, 

 except at the very base. Ovary attenuate upward to the scarcely lobed stigma. 

 Capsule loculicidal, with thin-chartaceous walls. Seeds numerous with a long 

 bristle-like point at each end. — Species 4, northern hemisphere. (Narthex, Greek 

 name of Fenila, the stems of which were used as rods ; applied here on account 

 of the scapose stems.) 



1. N. californicum Baker. Stems 18 to 22 inches high ; basal leaves iris- 

 like, i to 10 inches long, l^A to 2 lines wide, the cauline 2 or 3, 1 to 4 inches long; 

 raceme loose, 3^^ to 7 inches long; perianth-segments oblong-linear, narrowed 

 upward or acute, 3 to 4 lines long ; anthers brick-red ; ripe capsules salmon-color ; 

 seeds, including the points or tails, 5 lines long. 



Marshy ground : North Coast Ranges from Mendocino Co. to Del Norte and 

 Trinity cos. ; Sierra Nevada from Plumas Co. to Fresno Co. Southwestern 

 Oregon. 



Locs.— Swift Creek, Salmon Mts., Sail 8(581; Butterfly Valley, Plumas Co., 7i'. M. Austin; 

 Nevada Co., Carpenter; Heather Lake, El Dorado Co., Laura Dodge; Le Conte Falls. Tuolumne 

 Canon, F. M. Heed; Grouse Creek, LeConte Caiion, Middle Fork Kings Eiver, ace. Peirscm. 

 East Fork Illinois Eiver, Josephine Co., Ore., Jcpson. 



Eef. — Nartiiecium californicum Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 15:351 (1877), type loc. Red 

 Mt., nw. Mendocino Co., Bolander 6548. 



2. TOFIELDIA Iluds. 

 Stems simple, naked above, arising from a slender rootstock. Leaves linear, 

 sedge-like, equitant, mostly in a basal tuft. Flowers small, greenish white, ours 



