264 LILIACEAE 



3187 (Lake Mereed), 4509 (Benson Lake), 3449 (Heteh Hetehy) ; Lake Eleanor, A. L. Grant 

 1254; Avery, Calaveras Co., A. L. Grant; Rubicon Park, Lake Tahoe, SetcheU Sr Dobic; Bear 

 Valley, Nevada Co., Jepson; Lake Independence, Jepson 8065; Willow Bancli, Warner Mts., 

 h. S' Smith 940; Shasta Valley, BtUlcr 1414; Indian Valley, ne. Lake Co., Jepson 8982; 

 Knoxville ridge, ne. Xapa Co., Jep.ion 9040. 



Var. micranthus Jepson n. comb. Kaceme more open and broader (pedicels % to 1 inch 

 long), the bracts relatively shorter; flowers usually larger, less delicate, ridge about the gland 

 thickened, outer segments often not clawed. — North Coast Ranges and south to Contra Costa 

 Co. This sometimes approaches Z. fremontii in habit, but the gland is more sharply defined 

 than in that species. 



Locs. — Mt. Diablo, Chandler 978 ; Tiburon, Jepson ; Red Mt., se. Mendocino Co., Jepson 

 3030; Bound Vallev, Westerman ; Sherwood Valley, Davy 5187; Ft. Bragg, W. C. Mathews; 

 Buck Mt., Tracy 2779 ; Hubbards Sta., Humboldt Co., Jepson 1907. 



Refs. — Zygadenus venenosu.s Wats. Proe. Am. Acad. 14:279 (1879), type loc. Monterey- 

 Co.; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 122 (1901). Var. ambipuiis Jones, Contrib. 12:77 (1908). 

 Toxiooscordion venenosum Rybd. Bull. Torr. Club 30:272 (1903). T. arenicola Heller, Muhl. 

 2:182 (1906), type loc. foothills west of Bishop, Heller 8321. Var. micr^vnthus Jepson. 

 Zygadenus micranthius Eastw. Bull. Torr. Club 30:483 (1903), type loc. Cahto, Mendocino 

 Co., Eastwood. Toxiooscordion micranthum Heller, Muhl. 6:83 (1910). 



2. Z. paniculatus Wats. Sand-coen. Plants 8 to 16 inches high ; leaves all 

 sheathing; main raceme with short dense supplementary racemes below; bracts 

 ovate-lanceolate ; perianth-segments deltoid-ovate, acute or acuminate, greenish 

 thickened on the back at base, the claws very short or sometimes nearly none; 

 gland seated above the claw, indefinitely margined, sometimes spreading nearly 

 to the middle of the segment ; stamens much exserted or at least equaling the 

 segments; anthers j'ellow; capsule to to 1 inch long. 



Sage-brush hills ea.st of the Sierra Nevada crest from Nevada Co. to Siskiyou 

 Co. Nevada to Washington and Montana. 



Biol. Note. — The scales of the hypogaeous winter bud are very large (% inch broad) and 

 conspicuous. The bulb is seated 6 to 8 inches deep and often gives rise to 2 or 3 shoots. 



Locs. — Truckee, So7ine; Mt. Lassen, Jepson 4088; Little Shasta, F. W. Hooper; Buck 

 Creek, Warner Mts., L. S. Smith 928; Fort Bidwell, Manning. 



Refs. — Zygadenus p^usncUL.viTT.s Wats. Bot. King 343 (1871), based on Oregon, Washing- 

 ton and Nevada plants; Piper, Fl. N.W. Coast 99 (1915). Helonias paniculata Nutt. Jour. 

 Acad. Phila. 7:57 (1834), type loc. Flat-Head River, Mont,, Wyeth. Toxiooscordion panicu- 

 latum Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. C\uh 30:272 (1903). 



3. Z. exaltatus Eastw. Plants 2% to SVo feet high; bulb oblong-ovoid, 2 to 

 3 inches long; basal leaves large (% to ly^ inches wide), in a conspicuous sheath- 

 ing tuft; main raceme 8 to 12 inches long, with 3 to 5 supplementary racemes 

 below, the lower bearing only staminate flowers ; bracts ovate-lanceolate ; perianth- 

 segments oblong-elliptic, with claws ; gland extending the length of the claw, 

 bordered on each side by a narrow non-glandular area and terminating upon the 

 base of the blade in a somewhat darker rounded area toothed above ; stamens 

 shorter than the perianth ; anthers dull white ; capsule % ii^ch long. 



Sierra Nevada, from Calaveras Co. to Tulare Co., about 2000 to 4000 feet. 



Locs. — Avery Sta., Calaveras Co., A. L. Grant; Bonita Mdw., Tulare Co., Hall ^ BahcocJ: 

 5177. 



Refs. — Zygadenus exaltatus Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 41:283 (1906), type loc. Mokelumne Hill, 

 F. E. Blaisdell. Toxiooscordion exaltatum Heller, Muhl. 6:83 (1910). 



4. Z. fremontii Wats. Star Zygadene. Plants I14 to 214 feet high ; bulb 

 globose or broadly oblong, V2 to I14 inches broad; basal leaves 8 to 16 (or 20) 

 inches long, 5 to 9 (or 13) lines broad, usually somewhat falcate-curving, the 

 eauline few and shorter: main raceme with supplementary racemes below; 

 perianth-segments ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 7 lines long, the outer broader, not 

 clawed or shortly so, the inner contracted to a broad claw : gland greenish yellow, 

 toothed above ; stamens about half as long as the segments ; capsule oblong, 6 to 

 10 lines long. 



Deep soil on bu-shy hillsides: Coast Ranges, south to Southern California. 

 Common and variable. Apr. -June. 



