292 LILIACEAE 



excavation or pocket. Stamens 6, on the base of the segments. Ovary triquet- 

 rou.s ; stigmas sessile, recurved, persistent. Capsule elliptical or oblong, mem- 

 branaceous, 3-angled or winged, commonly sejitieidally dehiscent. Seeds numer- 

 ou.s, in 2 rows in each cell, somewhat flattened. — West American genus of about 

 35 species, in California occurring in all mountain ranges, but absent from the 

 Colorado Desert, and mainly or wholly absent from lower altitudes in the ]\Iohave 

 De.sert and mainly absent from the floor-like plains of the Sacramento and San 

 Joaquin valleys, i.e., occurring only in restricted localities. (Greek kalos, beau- 

 tiful, and chortos, grass, in allusion to the flowers and gra.ss-like leaves.) 



Bibliog. — Douglas, D., An Account of the Species of Calochortus (Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 

 7:275-280,-1830). Davidson, A., Cal. Field Notes: Calochortus (Eryth. 2:1-2, 27-30,— 

 1894). Parish, S. B., Variations of Calochortus venustus (Zoe, 3:352-354,— 1892) ; The S. 

 Cal. Species of Calochortus (Bull. S. Cal. Aead. 1:102-106, 120-125,-1902). Hansen, Geo., 

 Probable Hybridization in Calochortus (Erythea 2:52, — 1894); Calochorti in the Sierra 

 Nevada (I.e. 7:13-15,-1899). Purdy, C, Revision of the Genus Calochortus (Proc. Cal. Acad, 

 ser. 3, 2:107-149, pis. 1.5-19,-1901). Piper, C. V., Notes on Calochortus (Bull. Torr. Bot. 

 Club, 33:537-540,-1906). Masters, M. T., Calochortus pulchellus (Gard. Cliron. 34:133^, 

 figs. 52, 53,-1903). 



A. Flowers open-campanulate, these and the capsules erect; sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals 

 1 to 2 inches long; capsule ovoid-attenuate, or oblong to linear. 



1. Gland surface densely Imirj/; Vasal leaves 1 or S to 4, linear, channeled, shorter than the 



stem (except in occasional dwarfs of nos. S, S and lH). 

 a. Gland not depressed, without mcmhrane or scales. 

 Hairs of gland linear, entire. 



Capsule ovoid-attenuate or oblong; gland oval, surrounded or surmounted by a dark blotch. 

 Capsule oblong, obtuse, flowers cream to lilac ; gland surrounded by a dark purplish 



maroon blotch 1. C. catalinae. 



Capsule ovoid, attenuate. 



Stems sinuous, often straggling over the ground 2. C. flexuosns. 



Stems straight or straightish, erect. 



Flowers lilac or purplish to white, reddish brown about the gland.. ..3. C. pahneri. 

 Flowers white or bluish-purple tinged, the petals yellow at base, a purple spot 



above the gland 4. C. leichtHnii. 



Capsule ovoid-linear or linear; petals ornately penciled or blotched; gland shape varying, 

 oval, transverse oblong, lunate or doubly lunate. 



Flowers yellow, rarely white; gland transverse, lunate, broadly linear or oblong 



5. C. luteus. 

 Flowers creamy white to purple, rarely yellow; petals usually oeulated; gland oval, 



roundish or quadrate 6. C. venustus. 



Hairs of the gland with swollen and knobbed or fungoid-stellate tips; gland circular, oval 



or irregularly fan-shaped ; sepals broadly searious-margined ; capsule linear, 



dense-walled. 



Gland oval with definite outline or absent, its hairs with swollen stellate tips. .7. C splendens. 



Gland spreading with irregular outline, its hairs broadly clavate, lmobbed....8. C. invenustus. 



h. Gland, depressed, surrounded hy a more or less continuous laciniate memirane ; capsule linear, 



dense-walled. 

 Gland not circular. 



Gland oval, its membrane generally not continuous; petals dingy white to lurid purple, not 



persistent 9. C. nuttallii. 



Gland obcordate, its membrane continuous; petals purple-lilac, persistent until maturity 

 of fruit 10. C. macrocarpus. 



Gland circular, its membrane continuous. 

 FloAvers yellow; stems tall. 



Authers reddish brown; petal hairs clavate 11. C. clavatus. 



Anthers yellow; petal hairs slender 12. C. concolor. 



Flowers vermilion; stem very low 13. C. Vennedyi. 



2. Gland surface naked or with a few scattered liairs; gland circular to oblong, depressed in 



a poclcet, bearing a dense border of linear hairs; hairs of the petals arising from a snwll 

 dark spot, and of a different or darker hue than the main petal color: corm thickly 

 covered with several coats of dark brown fibres; basal leaf one, broadly lanceolate- 

 acuminate; oauline leaves broad, acuminate. 



