LILY FAMILY 313 



Loes. — Little Green Valley, San Bernardino Mts., G. E. Hall 18; Strawberry Valley, Mt. 

 San Jacinto, Hall 2451; Palomar, ace. Eoht. Ashcr; San Diego Co., Gregory. 



Refs. — LiLiuM PARRYi Wats. Proe. Davenport Acad. 2:188, tt. 5, 6 (1878), type loe. at 

 head of stream running southerly into San Gorgonio Pass, Parry; Elwes, Monog. Lil. pi. 12, 

 fig. 2 (1880). 



21. YUCCA L. Spanish Bayonet 



Trees or shrubs with simple or branched stems. Leaves alternate, linear- 

 lanceolate. Flowers large, in terminal panicles, the perianth-segments distinct, 

 nearly equal, withering-persistent. Stamens 6. Fruit a capsule, either dry and 

 dehiscent, or somewhat fleshy and indehiseent. Seeds numerous, in 2 rows in 

 each cell, flat, horizontal, with thin black coat. — The flowers are incapable of 

 self-pollination, each Yucca species being dependent upon a particular moth or 

 species of Pronuba. The female Pronuba works by night, collecting the pollen 

 from the anthers and rolling it into a little ball; she then flies to the flower of 

 another plant, deposits her eggs in the ovary, and then in a Inanner which cor- 

 responds to actions full of purpose and deliberation climbs to the style and 

 thrusts the pollen ball down the stigmatic tube. The larva destroys about a 

 dozen seeds, but even if several larvae develop many perfect seeds are left. — ■ 

 Species about 28, North America. (An Indian name for the Manihot.) 



Bibliog. — Engebnann, Geo., Notes on the Genus Yucca (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. 3:17-54, 

 210-214, — 1873). Baker, J. G., Synopsis of the Aloineae and Yuccoideae (Jour. Linn. Soc. 

 Bot. 18:148-241, — 1880). Riley, C. V., The Yucca Moth and Yucca Pollination (Rep. Mo. 

 Bot. Gard. 3:99-158, pis. 34-43,-1892. Trelease, Wm., Detail Illustrations of Yucca (Rep. 

 Mo. Bot. Gard. 3:159-166, pis. 1-12, 44-54, — 1892; Further studies on Yuccas and their 

 Pollination (I.e. 4:181-226, pis. 1-23,-1893); The Yuceeae (I.e. 13:27-133, pis. 1-99,-1902). 



Plants without evident trunk, the rosette of leaves on the ground; filaments glabrous; style 



slender with capitate stigma 1. Y. wUipplei. 



Plants commonly with distinct trunk; filaments papillate; style short or none; stigmas 3, or 

 1 and 3-lobed. 



Trunk tall, at summit branching freely; leaf-margiu denticulate 2. Y. hrevifolia. 



Trunk commonly short and simple or shortly branched; leaf-margin not serrate, fibrous- 

 shredding. 



Style % to li/i lines long 3. T. mohaven.'iis. 



Style 6 to 10 lines long 4. Y. huccata. 



1. Y, Whipple! Torr. Quixote Plant. Flowering stem 8 to 14 feet high, 

 the leaves in a basal rosette ; leaves narrow, 1 to 1% feet long; panicle 3 to 6 feet 

 long; flowers creamy-white, IVi to IV2 inches long, the perianth-segments thin- 

 nish ; filaments much thickened ; capsule short-cylindric or subglobose, IV^ to 2 

 inches long. 



Cha])arral belt of cismontane Southern California, north in the Coast Ranges 

 to San IJenito Co. and the Sierra Nevada as far north as Kings River. Lower 

 California. May-June. 



Biol, and Economic Note. — The mature individual produces offsets or new rosettes of leaves, 

 in some cases only a few rosettes, yet again, especially towards the desert, a considerable num- 

 ber, thus becoming very caespitose. After the parent individual flowers and matures seed, 

 it dies completely, the offsets representing individuals of a new generation. In this respect 

 it differs entirely from our other species with woody and often branching trunks. In these 

 .species, Y. brcvifoUa, Y. violuivensis and Y. baccata, only the short branch which bears the 

 panicle dies after fruit maturity. 



The young flowering .shoot is stripped and roasted by the native tribes who value it as a 

 delicacy. The fibre of the leaves is manufactured into cordage. 



Locs. — Pico Blanco, Davy 7335; Sans Mill, Santa Lucia Mts., Jepsoii 1684; so. San Benito 

 Co., Hall 9943; Waltham Creek, Jepson.; Tule River, Jcpson; Cedar Creek, Sequoia Park, 

 Jepson 589; Middle Fork Kings River below Tchipite, ace. Hopping; Santa Inez Mts., Dunn; 

 San Bernardino, Jepson 5521; Thomas Valley, San Jacinto Mts., Jepson 1318. 



Refs. — Yuco.\ WHIPPLEI Torr. Bot. Mex. Bouud. 222 (1859), type loc. San Pa-squal, Sehoti ; 

 Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3:164, pis. 11, 12, 54 (1892). Hesperoyvcca whipplei Baker, Jour. 

 Linn. Soc. 18:230 (1880). 



