ORCHIDACEAE 327 



m 



conilitions during the reproductive phase are sufficiently alike to enable one species to have 

 a wide range. Hence we quote here: S. halophilum Greene, Pitt. 4:34 (1899), type loc. 

 Humlioldt Wells, Nev. ; Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 26:450 (1899) ; 31:380 (1904). S. funereum 

 Bicknell, I.e. 387 (1904), type loe. Furnace Creek Caiion, Funeral Mts., CoviUe cf- Funsion 225; 

 spnis. from Texas Sjjring, near Furnace Creek (Jcpson. 6872), have bracts with only 1 to 3 

 (or 4) flowers. 



2. S. californicum Dry. Golden-eyed Gr.vss. Stems iinbranehed, 4 to 12 

 (or 15) iiiL'lu-s high, broadly winged, exceeding the leaves; bracts rather un- 

 equal, enclosing 3 to 7 flowers ; perianth bright yellow ; segments 4 to 6 lines long, 

 5 to 7-nerved, obtuse or acutish ; anthers versatile, 1VL> lines long, about eqiuiling 

 the filaments; style cleft to below the middle; capsule obovate-oblong, 4 lines long. 



Wet places, infrequent : cismontane Southern California, Sierra Nevada and 

 Coast Ranges. Northward to Oregon. Apr. 



Locs.— Sugarloaf Mt., San Bernardino Co., Hall 7536; Middle Tule River, Purpus 5237; 

 Junction Mdw., Kern Canon, Jcpson 5017; Wawona, Coiiiidon; Crystal Sprs., San Mateo Co., 

 Eastwood; Cliff House, San Francisco, Drew; Inverness, Jepson 8297; Eureka, Tracy 3247. 



Refs. — SISYRINCHIUM CALIFORNICUM Dryauder ; Ait. f. Hort. Kew, ed. 2, 4:135 (1812); 

 Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 130 (1901). Marica californica Kcr, Bot. Mag. t. 983 (1807), type 

 loc. "Northwest Coast," Mcnsics. S. elmeri Greene, Pitt. 2:106 (1890), type loc. Lake 

 Eleanor, Tuolumne Co., Brew. Bcrmudiana californica Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 308 (1894). 

 Htidit.stijlm elmeri Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 27:380 (1900). S. rivvXaris Bicknell, I.e. 381 

 (1900). tyjic loc. Bubb's Creek, Fresno Co., Eastwood. 



3. S. grandiflorum Dougl. Scapes 6 to 12 inches high, bright green, ex- 

 ceeding the long-sheathing leaves ; spathe 1 to 4-flowered ; bracts very unequal, 

 the outer usually much exceeding the broadly campanulate flowers; perianth- 

 segments dark reddish-purple, rarely white, 6 to 10 lines long; filaments broad 

 at base, 3 to 4 lines long, united V-,^ their length; anthers versatile, 2 lines long; 

 style 6 to 7 lines long, cleft at apex, the branches thread-like, 1 line long or less ; 

 capsule depres.sed-globose, 6 to 8 lines long. 



Moist places, hills and mountain slojies : Lassen and Modoc cos. westerly to 

 Humboldt Co. North to British Columbia and east to Idaho and Nevada. Mar.- 

 Apr. 



Locs. — Milford, Lassen Co., M. S. Baler; Mt. BidwcU, Manninej 82; Alturas, L. S. Smith 

 927; Lake City Pass, Modoc Co., E. M. Austin; Yreka, Butler 561, 646; Harris, Humboldt Co., 

 Ethel Trarjt. Mosier, e. Oregon, Howell. 



Refs. — SiSYRiNCHiUM GRANDirLORUM Dougl. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1364 (1830), type loc. 

 great falls of the Columbia River, Doupla.'!. Olsynium grandiflorum Eafin. New Fl. Am. 1:72 

 (1836). Olsynium douglasii Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27:237 (1900). 



ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family 



Perennial herbs with eorms, bulbs, tuberous roots or rootstocks and sheathing 

 leaves often reduced to scales. Flowers perfect, irregular, bracted, either solitary 

 or in spikes or racemes. Sepals 3, alike. Petals 3, 2 alike; the third petal called 

 the "lip" eonnnonly dissimilar in color, size aiul shape, often enlarged, sac-like 

 or .spurred, in our genera most frequently bi'ought into an inferior position (i.e., 

 on the lower side of the flower), by twisting of the ovary. Filaments united 

 with the single style forming a column; perfect anther 1 (in Cypripedium 2), 

 situated on the apex of the column and just above or behind the stigma, which 

 is a viscid surface facing the lip. Pollen agglutinated into 2 to 8 pear-shaped 

 nuisses. Ovary inferior, commonly long and twisted, 1-celled. Fruit a 3-valved 

 cai)sule. Seeds innumerable, minute. — About 410 genera and 6500 species, all 

 zones hut abundant only in the trojjics; the largest order of Monocotyledons and 

 the thii'd largest order of flowering plants. 



Bibliog. — Nuttall, T., Remarks on the Six>cies of Corallorhiza Indigenous to the IT. S. 

 (Jour. Acad. Phila. 3:13.5-139,-1823). Wiegand, K., Revision of the Genus Listera (Bull. 

 Torr. Club 26:157-171, pis. 356, 357,-1899). Rydbcrg, P. A., Am. Species of Limnorchis 

 and Pii>eria north of Mexico (Bull. Torr. Club 28:605-643, figs. 1:34,-1901). Ames, Oakes, 

 American Species of Spiranthes (Orchidaceae, 1:113-154, — 1905), The Genus Habenaria in 

 North America (I.e. 4:1-288, pis. 60-79,-1910). Pfitzer, E., Cypripedium (Engler, Pflzr. 

 450:28-42 (1903). 



