350 FAGACEAE 



2 to eai/h bi-act; ciieli Hower with a very small laeiniate-fringed posterior and 

 anterior bractlet; perianth minute, adnate to the S-celled ovary and without 

 limb; style short; stigmas slender, elontjated. Bractlets in fruit nuieh enlarged 

 and foliaceous, forming a tubular involucre enclosing the nut. — Four genera. 



1. CORYLUS L. Hazel, 



Leaves broad, thin, serrulate or incised, Staminate catkins pendent, cylin- 

 drical, single or fascicled, from scaly lateral buds, the pistillate clusters of 

 flowers terminal and lateral on the same branehlets. Flowers appearing before 

 the leaves. — North Temperate Zone, 7 species. (Ancient Greek name.) 



1, C. rostrata Ait. var. californica A. DC, California Hazel, Most com- 

 monly 6 to 10 feet high ; leaves obovate to roundish, rounded at apex or 

 shortly acute, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed above middle, glandular-pubescent 

 or villous, ly^ to 4 inches long ; anthers with a sparse tuft of hairs at apex ; 

 involucre densely hispid, prolonged beyond the nut into a laeiniately fringed 

 tube 1 inch long, or sometimes very short (14 ™p1i long) ; nut ovoid, bony, 6 

 lines long. 



Along streams in cool canons or on moist slopes: Coast Ranges from the 

 Santa Cruz 'Sits.. Oakland Hills, ^larin Co. and Napa Co., northward to lit. 

 Shasta ; Sierra Nevada, 2,500 to 5,000 feet, ]\larble Fork Kaweah (W.L..T. no. 

 686) northward. Not seen in Vaca Mts. nor in San Carlos or Santa Lucia 

 ranges. The Eastern C. rostrata has long-pointed leaves. The Californian 

 plant has leaves rounded at apex but does not differ in pubescence nor in tube 

 of involucre which is often as long and narrow as in Eastern type. Two and 

 three-year-old shoots furnish the Indian women with the twigs they most 

 commonly employ for the ribs of baskets. 



Refs. — t'ORTLUS ROSTRATA Aiton var. CALiFORN'ic.1. A. DeCanilolle, Prodr. vol. 16, pt. 2, p. 

 133 (.1864), type loe. woods near Santa Cruz, Eartwtfi ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 140 (1901). 

 C. californica Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, vol. 2.5, p. 580 (1S9S). 



FAGACEAE. Oak Family. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate simple leaves and promptly deciduous stip- 

 ules. Flowers monoecious, apetalous, appearing with the leaves in the decid- 

 uous kinds. Staminate flowers in catkins ; calyx parted into several lobes ; 

 stamens 4 to 12. Pistillate flowers 1 to 3 in an involucre of imbricated scales, 

 the involucres borne in reduced or short catkins ; ovary adherent to the calyx, 

 3-celled, 6-ovuled, only one ovule maturing, the remaining ovules and the 

 other two cells abortive. Fruit a nut borne singly in a scaly cup, or 1 to 3 in 

 a spiny bur. — Eight genera; Fagus (Beech) and Castanea (Cliestnut) are 

 rejiresented in the eastern United States as well as in the Old World. 



Bibliog. — Engelniann, Geo., Papers on American Oaks (Collected Works, p. 399, — 1887). 

 Greene, E. L., West American Oaks (1889), Sargent, C. S., Silva N, Am. vol. 8 (1895), 

 vol. 9 (1S96), 



Fruit an acorn; catkins simple. 



Catkins unisexual, slender, the staminate drooping 1. QuERCUS, 



Catkins erect, thick, all with staminate flowers, pistillate flowers at base of some of 



them 2, Pasani.\. 



Fruit a spiny bur; catkins erect, often Iiranehiug, the staminate long, the pistillate short, 

 3. Cast.^nopsis. 



1. QUERCUS L. Oak. 

 Trees or shrubs of slow growtli, hard wood and usually contorted branches. 

 Flowers greenish or yellowish. Staminate catkins pendulous, one or several 



