512 CERATOPHYLLACEAE 



and eventually deeitluous from it; coi-olla % to IVii inehes in diameter; blade 

 of petals obovate, blaek-dotted toward the claw. 



Occasional grain-field waif, native of Europe, first reported from Berkeley 

 iu 1891. Since then more widely reported but not yet common. 



Locs. — ^Live Oak, Sutter Co., J. A. WiUinson in 1908; College City, Colusa Co., Alice King 

 iu lOOfi; St. Helena, Clara Hunt in 1908; San Bernaraino (Muhl. 8: 81). 



Eefs. — AoROSTEMMA GITHAOO L. Sp. PI. 43.5 (1753), type European; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. 

 Cal. 166 (1901). 



CERATOPHYLLACEAE. Hornwort Family. 



Aquatic submerged fragile herbs, witheylindricjointedstems. Leaves whorled, 

 sessile, exstipulate, 2 to 3 times cut into linear or filiform divisions. Flowers 

 minute, axillary, monoecious, without perianth but surrounded by an 8 to 

 12-cleft persistent involucre. Staminate flower consisting of numerous stamens 

 crowded on the receptacle; anthers sessile. Pistillate flower consisting of one 

 pistil; ovary superior, 1-celled, with a single ovule. Fruit indehiscent, beaked 

 by the slender persistent .style, spinose or tubercidate at base. Embryo with 

 highly developed plumule. No endosperm. 



Bibliog. — Scbleiden. M. J., Beitr. zur Kcnntnis der Ceratophylleen (Linn. 11: 513-544, t. 

 11, — 1S37). Pearl, R., Variation and DitFerentiation in Ceratophyllum (Carn. Publ. 58, 1-136, 

 —1907). 



1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. 



The only genus, consisting of 3 polymorphous species. (Greek keras, a 

 horn, and phullon. a leaf, the leaves cut into slender rigid divisions.) 



1. C. demersum L. Hornwort. Stems slender, i/o to 2 feet long; leaves in 

 whorls of ti to 8, the segments prickly-dentate, 14 t<) 1 inch long; style as long 

 as and forming a beak to the achene; achene variable, 1 to 2 lines long, with 

 a horri or reflexed spur on each side near the base or spurless, the margin 

 winged or wingless, and the sides sometimes tuberculate. 



Ponds and lakes: widely distributed iu California. All continents. Aug. 

 Seldom collected in fruit. 



Loes. — Old Mission Dam. San Diego, Chandlrr; Ramona, K. Brandegee ; San Bernardino, 

 Parish; Mobave River at Camp Cady (near Daggett), Paritth; Santa Cruz; Gilroy, Jepson; 

 Alvarado, Jepson; San Francisco; Clear Lake, Jepson; Blue Lake, Humboldt Co., Blasdale. 



Refs. — Ceratophtllum demersum L. Sp. PI. 992 (1753), type European; Jepson, Fl. W. 

 Mid. Cal. 192 (1901). 



NYMPHAEACEAE. Water-lily Family. 

 Aquatic perennial herbs with horizontal rootstoeks or with tubers. Leaves 

 floating or erect, peltate or deeply cordate. Flowers large, solitary, complete, 

 on long peduncles. Sepals 3 to 12. Petals 3 to many. Stamens 6 to numer- 

 ous. Carpels 3 to niauy, superior, united into a single pistil with many cells, 

 or distinct, — Genera 8 and species 45, widely distributed. 



Bibliog. — Greene, E. L., Nymphaea and Nuphar (Bull. Torr. Club, 14: 177-179,-1887). 

 Coville, F. v., Wokas, a primitive food of the Klamatb Indians (Rep. \J. S. Kat. Mus. 1902: 

 725-739, — 1904. An interesting account of tbe gathering of the seeds by the Klamath Indians, 

 accompanied by 13 plates in illustration of the plant and the liarvesting proce.ss). Cook, Mel 

 T., Development of the Embryo-sac and Embryo of Castalia odorata and Nvmphaea advena 

 (Bull. Torr. Club, 29: 211-220,-1902. As a result of his studies Cook places Nymphaeaceae 

 in or near the order Naiadales). Miller, G. S. Jr., & Standlev, P. C, The N. Am. Species of 

 Nymphaea (Coutrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 63-108,-1912). 



Petals many ; pistil 1, compound 1. Nymphaea. 



Petals 3 or 4; pistils several, distinct .2. Brasenia. 



1. NYMPHAEA L. Pond Lily. 

 Aquatic or subterrestrial i)laiits. Scapes and leaves from creeping root- 

 stocks. Leaves cordate; petioles long. Sepals 5 to 12, conspicuous, orbicular. 



