BUTTERCUP FAMILY 529 



1/2 to 11/2 inches long; flowers white or pale blue, 6 to 8 lines broad; sepals 5 

 (or 6) ; achenes puberulent, with short recurved style. 



Shady woods in mountains, mostly near the coast, 200 to 5000 feet : Santa 

 Cruz Co. to Siskiyou Co. North to British Columbia, thence east to the Atlantic. 

 Mar. -June. 



Locs.— Santa Cruz Mts., M. S. Baker: Kiugs Mt., San Mateo Co., C. F. Bnk-cr 32,3; Mill 

 Valley, Jepson; Ft. Ross, Davy 1674; Sonoma Creek Canon, M. S. Baker; Humboldt Bay, 

 Trac-ii 2949; Trinity Summit, Davy .5744; Marble Mt., Chandler 1551. 



Refs. — Anemone quinquefolia L. Sp. PI. 1:541 (1753), tvpe loc. Virgina. Var. gr^wi 

 Jepson, Fl. W. Mill. Cal. 198 (1901). A. nrmorosa Brew. & Wats. Hot. Cal. 1:4 (187(;), not L. 

 A. nemorosa var. grayi Greene, Fl. Fr. 295 (1892). A. grayi Behr. & Kell. Bull. Cal. Acad. 1:5 

 (1884), type loc. Lagunitas, Mt. Tamalpais. 



10. TRAUTVETTERIA F. & M. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, simple, palmately cleft, mostly basal. 

 Stems branching at summit and bearing loose corymbose cymes of white flowers. 

 Sepals 3 to 5, broad, white, petal-like, caducous. Petals none. Stamens numer- 

 ous, filaments clavate, white, conspicuous. Achene utricular, capitate on the 

 short receptacle. — Species 2, North America and Asia. (E. R. Trautvetter, 

 Russian botanist, 19th century.) 



1. T. grandis Nutt. Stems IV2 to 3 feet high; leaves deeply about 5-eleft, 

 21 2 to 8 inches broad, uneipudly serrate, the basal long-, the cauline sliort-petioled ; 

 flowers 6 to 8 lines broad ; sepals oval or roundish, concave, 2 lines long ; achejies 

 glabrous. 



IMountain woods, northern California from Plumas Co. to Siskiyou Co. North 

 to British Columbia. 



Locs.— Mill Creek, Plumas Co. (ace. Bot. Cal. 2:425); Marble Mt., Chandler 1601. 



Ref. — Tr.\utvetteria gkandis Nutt.; T. & 6. Fl. 1:37 (1838), type loc. shady woods, 

 Columbia Biver, Nuttall. 



11. THALICTRUM L. Meadow Rie. 



Perennial hei-bs with mostly tall erect stems from a sliort rootstoek. Leaves 

 bi- or tri-ternately compound, with petiolulate (or some sessile) leaflets. Flowers 

 many, small {IY2 to 3 lines long), panicled, rarely in a raceme, dioecious, or 

 sometimes perfect. Sepals 4 (or 5 to 7), greenish, or more or less petal-like. 

 Petals none. Stamens numerous with long nuieronate anthers on capillary 

 filaments. Achenes 4 to 15, veined or furrowed, sometimes inflated, tipjied with 

 tiie persistent long styles. — Siiecies about 80, all continents except Australia, but 

 chiefly north temjierate North America, Europe and Asia. (Greek thallo, to 

 grow green, the ajiplieation uncertain.) 



Flowers in a simple raceme, perfect, nodding; alpine or subalpine dwarf 1. T. alinnnm. 



Flowers in a panicle; tall plants, mostly of the foothills and middle altitudes. 



Flowers perfect; achenes stiped 2. T. sjiarxifliirum. 



Flowers dioecious; achenes not stiped or scarcely so. 



Achenes broad, strongly oblique both ventrally and dor-sally; common. 



Sides of achene 3 or 4-ribbed 3. T. fendlcri. 



Sides of achene with brandling nerves, at most l-ribbed 4. T. polycarpum. 



Achenes narrow, scarcely obli<|ue; rare 5. T. occidcntalc. 



1. T. alpinum L. Stems 3 to G inches high; leaves basal, short -petioled, 1 

 to 11/2 inches long, ternate, tlie lateral divisions with 3, the terminal with 5 

 leaflets; leaflets notched, 3-cleft or -divided, 11/. to 2 lines long; flowers in a simple 

 raceme, perfect, purjdi.sh, nodding; achenes slightly flattened, .ses.sile, 4 or 5-ribbed 

 on the sides, 1 to II4 lines long. 



Cottonwood Creek, White ]Mts., ace. CoviUe. Nevada to Colorado, north to 

 the Arctic. Cireumpolar. It is probable that this species once occupied most 



