CALiYCANTHACEAE 



547 



CALYCANTHACEAE. Sweet-shrub Family. 



Aromatic shrubs with opposite entire leaves and no stipules. Flowers large, 

 solitary, terminating the branches. Bracts, sepals and petals passing into each 

 other, imbricated in many series, adnate at base to the enlarged hollow recep- 

 tacle which is like a rose-cup. Stamens numerous, the inner ones sterile. Pistils 

 many, distinct, nearly enclosed in the hollow receptacle, becoming achenes. — 

 ]\Ionotypie genus of 6 species. 4 in North America and 2 in Asia. 



Bibliog. — Kearney, T. H., Nomenclature of the genus Buettneria Duham. (Bull. Torr. Club 

 21:173-175,-1894). 



1. CALYCANTHUS L. 



Flowers livid red. Petals in several rows at mouth of tube, the inner ones 

 shorter. Styles equaling tlie anthers, filiform, colorless. Seed without endo- 

 sperm; cotyledons foliaeeous, convolute, caulicle inferior. (Greek kalyx, cover- 

 ing or calyx, and anthos, flower.) 



1. C. occidentalis H. & A. Spice Bush. Sweet Shrub. (Fig. 109.) Erect 

 branching shrub 5 to 9 feet high ; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded 

 at ba-se, li-i to 6 inches long; 

 sepals and petals linear-spatu- 

 late. IV4 inches long or less, the 

 upper I'o or % fading tawny or 

 In-own in age ; filaments 1^ line 

 long ; fruiting receptacle cup- 

 like, 1 to 11/4 inches long; 

 achenes oblong-ovate, slightly 

 oblique or cuiwed, a trifle flat- 

 tened and bordered all around 

 with a granular margin, some- 

 what velvety-hirsute, 4 to 5 lines 

 long. 



Along canon streams in the 

 North Coa-st Ranges and Sierra 

 Nevada foothills. 



Folk Lore. — This shrub has always 

 interested the settlers in the foothills 

 and it has acquired in conseciuence a 

 variety of common names. It is 

 called "Spice-wood" on Howell Mt., 



"Wine Flower" in Sonoma Co., Fig. 109. CALYC-i^NTHUS occidenTj\xis H. & A. a, 

 " Spice Bush " in Napa Valley, "Wild flowering branchlet; 6, fruiting receptacle. X %. 

 Poppv" in Trinity Co., where it is 



reputed poisonous to cattle, and "Vinegar Bush" in the Kaweah region. A crushed flower 

 is sometimes put in a knotted corner of the handkerchief by the hill folk as a perfume. 



Loes. — Coast Ranges: Peanut, Trinity Co., J. W. Patton; Cloverdale, Bolandcr; Mark West 

 Creek, Jepson; Mt. St. Helena, Jepxon: sw. of Calistoga. Jrpson : Howell Mt., Jcpson 1725; 

 Gates Canon, Vaca Mts., Jepson 561; Cazadero, Blasdalc : Sonoma, Binletti. Sierra Nevada: 

 Morley Sta., Shasta Co., ilf. S. Baker; Table Mt.. n. of Oroville, Heller 10.782; Merced River 

 near Grouse Creek, Jepson 8354; Cedar Creek, Sequoia Park, Jepson; South Fork Kaweah 

 River, Jepson. 



Refs. — CALYCANTHUS occiDENTjVLls H. & A. Bot. Beech. 340, t. 84 (1840); Jepson. Fl. W. 

 Mid. Cal. 190 (1901). Butneria ocoidenialis Greene, Erythea 1:207 (1893). 



BERBERIDACEAE. B.vrberry F.\mily. 



Slirubs or lierl)s. ours with alternate compound leaves. 

 rt'gtUar, hypogynous 



Flowers perfect, 

 Sepals 6, in 2 circles. Petals 6, in 2 circles, the stamens 

 as many and opposite them. Anthers opening by an uplifting valve or lid. 

 Ovary one, superior, 1-celled, becoming in fi-uit a capsule, a berry, or dry and 

 coriaceous. Seeds with endosperm. Achlys is anomalous ; it has no perianth 



