548 BERBERIDACEAE 



and 9 to 13 stamens. — Genera 8 and species about 140, mostly north temperate 

 zone, only Berberis reaching into the southern hemisphere. 



Bibliog. — Lindley, J., Evergreen Barberries cult, in Great Britain (Jour. Loud. Hort. Soc. 

 5:1-21, — 18.50). Fedde, F., Versuch einer MouograiJhie der Gatt. Mahonia (Engler, Jahrb. 

 31:30-133, figs. 1-5,-1901). 



Shrubs or low woody plants; leaves pinnate, prickly; petals bifid 1. Berberis. 



Perennial herbs; leaves all basal, ternate, not prickly. 



Calyx and corolla none; leaves witli 3 sessile leaflets 2. Achlys. 



Calyx and corolla present, reflexed ; petals entire ; petioles once or twice ternately divided, 

 the divisions bearing 3 (rarely 1) petiolulate leaflets 3. Vancouveeia. 



1. BERBERIS L. Barberry. 

 Evergreen shrubs or low sutt'rutescent plants with yellow wood. Leaves 

 alternate, jjriekly, in ours pinnately compound with the rachis jointed at the 

 insertion of the leaflets. Flowers .yellow, in racemes. Sepals petal-like. Petals 

 concave, in ours distinctly bifid. Filaments irritable. Stigma peltate-umbilicate. 

 Fruit a berry. Species about 110, all continents except Australia. (Arabic 

 name.) 



Filaments with a pair of recurved teeth near the aj)ex; racemes short, from small terminal or 

 lateral buds; bud-scales few, deciduous, small (1 to 2 lines long); leaflets 3 to 9, pin- 

 nately veined. 

 Leaflets with comparatively few (mostly 5 to 15) teeth, the teeth strongly spinose; erect 

 shrubs of dry inner ridges or of the desert. 

 Eacemes loosely few-flowered. 



Leaflets equal or nearly so; tooth-like lobes of the leaflets coarse, mostly subequal 



1. B. fremontii. 



Terminal leaflet much longer tliau the lateral ones; terminal lanceolate tooth of each 



leaflet often entire, many times larger tlian the small lateral teeth 2. B. nevinii. 



Eacemes densely many-flowered ; teeth of the leaflets very coarse 3. B. calif ornicum. 



Leaflets with more niunerous teeth. 



Foliage not very dense; leaflets with many teeth. 

 Low (about % to 1 foot high). 



Stems erect or ascending; leaflets mostly pale or glaueeseent above, mostly 



glaucous or whitish beneath, their teeth spine-tipped 4. B. pumila. 



Stems prostrate or ascending; leaflets dull, their teeth Ijristlc-tipped.-S. B. repens. 



Erect, 1 to 3 feet high ; leaflets shining above, their teeth spine-tipped 



6. B. aquifolium: 

 Foliage mostly forming a dense terminal fascicle; leaflets thin, with numerous small 



bristle-tipped teeth; coast region 7. B. pinnata. 



Filaments without teetli; racemes elongated, loose, solitary or few from a terminal bud; bud- 

 scales large (% to 1% inches long), persistent; leaflets 11 to 21, somewhat palmately 

 veined 8. B. nervosa. 



1. B. fremontii Torr. Desert Barberry. Shrub 5 to 8 (or 15) feet high; 

 leaflets 5, ovate, rigidly coriaceous, yellowish or glaucous, scarcely at all or only 

 moderately luidulate, 6 to 12 lines long, strongly and sinuately 5 or 7-lobed, the 

 lobes strongly spinose ; petiole artietdated near the base or often a supplementary 

 pair of leaflets borne at this point; racemes few (3 to 9) -flowered, 1 to 114 inches 

 long, the peduncles as long or almost none ; berries at maturity dull brown, some- 

 what inflated, 5 to 6 lines in diameter. 



Mountain slopes : eastern Mohave Desert ; Colorado Desert. East into Arizona 

 and southern Nevada, south into Lower California and Sonora. May-June. 



Locs. — New York Mts., Jcpsnn 5438; Jacumba, Abrams 3li93. 



Eefs. — Berberis fremontu Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 30 (1859). type loc. Virgen Eiver, s. 

 Utah, Fremont. Mahonia fremontii Fedde in Engler Jahrb. 31:98 (1901). Odostcmon fre- 

 montii Eydb. Bull. Torr. Club 33:141 (1906). 



2. B. nevinii Gray. Shrub 6 to 8 feet high, with many erect loose branches ; 

 leaflets 5. Yi to 1% inches long, the lateral oblong, the terniinal one broadly 

 lanceolate, acuminate, all with few and snuill spinose teeth; petioles almost 

 none ; racemes loosely 5 to 7-flowered. 



Sandy slopes, eastern edge of San Fernando A'alley ; very closely allied to 

 B. fremontii. 



Eefs. — Berberis nevinii Gray, Syn. Fl. l':69 (1895), type loc. San Fernando Valley, 

 Nevin. Mahonia nevinii Fedde in Engler Jahrb. 31:102 (1901). Odostemon nevinii Abrams, 

 Bull. N. y. Bot. Gard. 0:3,59 (1910). 



