PAPAVERACEAE 553 



PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy Family 



Herbs or shrubs with mostly colored juice and regular complete flowers. 

 Sepals 2 or 3, caducous, the petals twice as many. Calyx iu Esehscholtzia resem- 

 bling a fool's cap, the 2 sepals completely united into a single piece. Stamens 

 numerous, rarely few. Pistil 1, composed of 2 to several united carpels; ovary- 

 superior, 1-celled (several-colled in Eomneya) ; in Platystemon the lightly united 

 carpels become distinct iu fniit. — Genera 23 and species about 100, mostly extra- 

 tropical in the north temperate zone. 



Bibliog. — Harvey, W. H., Description of a new Genus of Papaveraeeae detected by the late 

 Dr. CoiLlter in California (Lond. Jour. Bot. 4:73-76, t. 3, — 1845). Gray, A., Character of 

 Canbya and Arctomecon (Proc. Am. Acad. ]2:51-53, pis. 1, 2, — 1870); [N. Am. genera of] 

 Papaveraeeae (Proc. Am. Acad. 22:270-273, — 1887). Brandegee, K., Papavercae of the Pacific 

 Coast (Proc. Cal. Acad. 1:237-251, — 1889); Variations of Platystemon and Esehscholtzia 

 (Zoe 1:278-282,-1890). Brandegee, T. S., Deformed flowers of Dendromecon (Zoe 1:46-48, 

 pi. 1,-1890) ; Notes on Papaveraeeae (Zoe 5:174-177,-1903). Prain, D., An Account of the 

 Genus Argemone (Jour. Bot. 33:129-135, 17(>-178, 207-209, 307-312, 32.5-333, 363-371, — 1895). 

 Greene, E. L., Platystemon and its Allies (Pitt. 5:139-194, — 1903); Revision of Esehscholtzia 

 (Pitt. 5:205-293,-1905) ; A Study of Dendromecon (Pitt. 5:295-306,-1905). Fedde, P. von, 

 Was ist Platystemon leiocarpum F. & M. (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 22:92-95, figs. 1-2, — 1904); 

 Eschscholtziae gen. sp. nov. (Rep. Nov. Sp. 2:14.5-148; 3:27-28, 75-76, 105, 183-185,-1906); 

 Papaveraceae-Hypecoideae et Papaveraceae-Papaveroideae (Engler, Pflzr. 4'": 1^30, figs. 1-43, 

 —1909). 



Sepals distinct, caducous; receptacle not hollowed (slightly hollowed in no. 6). 

 Leaves usually opposite or whorled, entire. 



Stamens numerous; carpels lightly joined, distinct in fruit....^ 1. Platystemon. 



Stamens 6 to 12 or numerous; carpels combined into a 3-angled or linear ovary 



2. Meconella. 

 Leaves alternate or mainly so, often in a basal tuft. 



Stamens 6 to 9 ; minute annual 3. Canbya. 



Stamens many or numerous. 



Herbs; leaves toothed, lobed or pinnatifid. 



Petals deciduous; stigmas opposite (that is, over) the placentae. 



Flower buds erect ; petals white ; herbage prickly 4. Argemone. 



Flower buds drooping; petals red; herbage not prickly 5. Papavek. 



Petals jjersistent around the capsule; stigmas alternate with the placentae; herb- 

 age not prickly 6. Arctomecon. 



Shrubs or at least woody at base. 



Petals white ; leaves pinnatifid ; capsule ovate, 7 to 12-valved 7. Romneta. 



Petals yellow; leaves entire or merely denticulate; capsule linear, 2-valved 



8. Dendromecon. 



Sepals united into a calyptra or foolscap body which is pushed off by the 4 expanding petals; 



receptacle hollowed 9. Eschscholtzia. 



1. PLATYSTEMON Benth. 



Low annual with mainly opposite entire leaves. Sepals 3. Petals 6 in two 

 series, tardily deciduous, withering and closing over the forming fruit. Stamens 

 numerous ; filaments more or less dilated and petal-like. Stigmas subulate- 

 filiform, one terminating each carpel ; carpels 6 to 17 or 20, each several-o\ailed, 

 eonnivent or coherent in a circle, becoming moniliform, at maturity separating 

 and breaking transversely into indehiscent 1-seeded joints. — Species 1, soutli- 

 western United States and Lower California. Anthesis lasting for more than one 

 day. (Greek plains, broad, and stemon, a stamen.) 



1. P. californicus Benth. Cream Cups. (Fig. 111.) Branched from the 

 base, the branches widely spreading and more or less decumbent, or often erect, 

 3 to 9 (or 12) inches high, the leaves often borne on the lower part (or wholly 

 basal) and the peduncles therefore more or less scape-like and 2 to 7 (or 10) 

 inches long; herbage pilose; buds round-obovoid, elliptic or oblong, long-hairy; 

 petals commonly cream j-cllow, 3 or 6 to 11 lines long. 



Foothills, plains and valleys, in sandy or clay soils, common almost through- 

 out California, but absent from the deserts, except the western margins of the 

 Colorado and Mohave. East to Arizona and Utah ; south to Lower California. 



