568 PAPAVERACEAE 



all bifid); Lake Merced, San Francisco, Gardner 526 (4 seeds examined, cotyledons bifid in 3, 

 entire in'l); Presidio, San Francisco, E. Brandegee 20e (11 seeds examined, cotyledons bifid 

 in 10, entire in 1) ; Twin Peaks, San Francisco, K. Brandegee 1-ie (9 seeds examined, cotyledons 

 bifid in 8, entire in 1) ; Alma Soda Springs near the French settlement, Santa Clara Co., Heller 

 7501 = i;. granulata Greene, Pitt. 5:235; E. granulata var. mmuscTila Fedde in Engler, Pflzr. 

 4'*':162 (9 seeds examined, cotyledons cleft in 5, entire in 4). On the other hand the members 

 of the truly annual group are" found to have entire cotyledons. Two to 4 seeds from many 

 specimens were examined, these specimens being cited below under the species diagnoses and 

 marked ivith an asterisk. 



4. Longevity. — Wliile all our Eschscholtzia forms fall into two distinct groups, annuals 

 and perennials, the annual or perennial conditon taken alone is unsatisfactory as a eliaraeter 

 for practical use in classification, since the i)erennial forms flower the first year and their 

 perennial nature is not at that time capable of proof. Moreover, particuLar individuals or 

 colonies may, as a result of soil or seasonal conditions, perish the first year though potentially 

 perennials under more favorable conditions. In the sum total of their characters they are 

 allied to and belong with the perennial group. A very large number of diagnoses of so-called 

 annual species have been drai%'n from single specimens which do not differ from the first-year 

 form of known E. calif ornica; they are therefore treated here as belonging to the perennial 

 group. The perennial group, then, is commonly characterized by presence of a torus rim and 

 by bifid cotyledons, wliile in the annual group the torus rim is absent and the cotyledons entire. 

 Although tliese characters are not invariable in the perennial group they are sufficiently funda- 

 mental to be used in determining the primary sections of the genus. 

 Cotyledons 2-cleft; receptacle (torus) wth a collar-like rim; perennials (commonly flowering 



the first year) 1- •£• calif ornica. 



Cotyledons entire; receptacle (torus) without rim or with only a very narrow one; annuals. 

 Stems more or less leafy. 



Petals 1 to 2% lines long (longer in vars.) ; herbage usually glabrous; species of the 



Mohave and Colorado deserts - 2. E. minutiflora. 



Petals about V2 to 1 inch long; cismontane species. 

 Herbage glabrous or nearly so. 



Stems stout ; leaves very finely cut ; insular species 3. E. elcgans. 



Stems slender; leaves not so finely cut; mainland species; var. hypeeoides of 



6. E. caespitosa. 



Herbage hoary-pubescent ^\nth curled white hairs 4. E. lemmonii. 



Stems scapose, the leaves all in a low basal tuft or sometimes a few sub-basal. 



Seeds strongly muricate with flattened processes, i.e. bur-like; leaf divisions long and 



rather few 5. E. lobhii. 



Seeds not muricate; leaf di\-isions numerous. 



Seeds smooth or reticulate; leaves in a moderately dense tuft, the petioles unequal. 



6. E. caespitosa. 



Seeds with large deep rather remote pits; leaves in a very dense tuft, the petioles 



about equal 7. E. glyptosperma. 



1. E. calif ornica Cham. Califoenia Poppy. Stems scapose or leafy, erect 

 or diffuse, 34 to 2 feet high; basal leaves ternately several times dissected into 

 linear or oblong segments, on long or short petioles, the whole leaf if^ to 1 foot 

 long ; cauline smaller on sliort petioles ; peduncles 2 or 3 to 6 inches long ; petals 

 fan-shaped, 1/2 to 2 inches long, varying from deep orange or copper-color to 

 straw-color ; outer spreading rim of the receptacle commonly 1/2 to 2 lines wide, 

 the inner erect rim hyaline ; capsule 1 to 3 or even 4 inches long. 



Throughout cismontane California in the valleys and foothills, 10 to 2000 feet. 

 "Widely naturalized in Australia and India. 



Note on Variability. — Fluctuating variability is so general and so wide-spread in Esch- 

 scholtzia californica that it is difiicult to present an adequate account of it, but the follow- 

 ing synopsis will help to give some hints of its extent and character. 



1. Habit and leafiness. — The tj-pical sand dune form is low and cespitose in habit, with 

 thickened often multicipital caudcx from which arises a cluster of small short-petioled leaves 

 with short rather broad segments, and 1 to several short leafy (or mostly leafless and scapose) 

 stems terminated by disproportionately large flowers: San I'rancisco, Bioletti in 1891; Twin 

 Peaks, San Francisco, K. Brandegee 14e; clay hUls north of Ocean View, K. Brandegee 15e; 

 Lake Merced, iSan Francisco, O-ardner 530. The following spms. from localities other than 

 the type locality are essentially typical: Mt. Vision, Marin Co., Mall 8510; Oakland Hills, 

 Je.pson 6821; Pacific Grove, Chandler 320; Jolon, Monterey Co., K. Brandegee 20e; San 

 Bernardino Valley, Jepson 5549; Beaumont, Jepson 6077; Warner Ranch, San Diego Co., 

 T. Brandegee. There are continuous intergrades (Marine Hospital, San Francisco, Heller 6624) 

 to plants with leafy stems and non-cespitose habit: Mt. Tamalpais, K. Brandegee 37e; Pre- 

 sidio, San Francisco, C. F. Baler 700; San Francisco, C. F. Baker 2999; Lake Merced, San 



