XXXVl 



31. Aceracese, 387 



32. Malpighiacese, 388 



33. Hippocraticese, 584 



34. Hypericinese, 405 

 .35. Guttiferse, 400 



36. Marcgraviacese, 403 



37. Sarmentacese, 439 

 .38. Geraniese, 493 



39. Cedrele8e,461 



40. Meliacese, 463 



41. Hesperideae, 457 



42. CameUiese, 396 



43. Olacinese, 443 



44. Rutacese, 469 



Cohort IV. Fruit gyno- 

 basic. 



45. Simaroubese, 476 



46. Ochna^eae, 474 



Calyciflor^. 



Petals free or more or less 

 united, always perigy- 

 nous or inserted on the 

 calyx. 



47. Frangulacese, 581 



48. Samydese, 330 



49. Zanthoxyleae, 472 

 60. Juglandese, 292 



51. Terebinthaceae, 465 



52. Leguminosse, 544 



53. Rosaceae, .563 

 64. Salicariae, 574 



55. Tamariscineae, 341 



56. Melastomeae, 731 



57. Myrtineae, 734 



58. Combretaceae, 717 



59. Cucurbitacese, 311 



60. Loasese, 744 



61. Onagrariese, 724 



62. Ficoideae, 525 



63. Paronychieae, 510 



64. Portulaceae, 500 



65. Nopaleae, 746 



66. Grossulaceae, 750 



67. Crassulaceae, 344 



NATURAL SYSTEMS. 



68. Saxifrageae, 567 



69. Cunoniaceae, 571 



70. Umbelliferae, 773 



71. Araliaceae, 780 



72. Caprifoliese, 766 



73. Lorantheae, 789 



74. Rubiaceae, 761 



75. Opercularieae, 761 



76. Valerianeae, 697 



77. Dipsaceae, 699 



78. Calycereae, 701 



79. Compositae, 702 



80. Campanulaceae, 689 



81. Lobeliaceae, 692 



82. Gesnerieae, 671 



83. Vaccinieae, 757 



84. Ericinese, 453 



COROLLlFLORiE. 



Petals united into an hy • 

 pogynous corolla, or not 

 attached to the calyx. 



85. Myrsineae, 647 

 Sapoteae, 590 

 Ternstromieae, 396 

 Ebenaceae, 595 

 Oleineae, 616 

 Jasmineae, 650 



91. Strychneee, 602 



92. Apocyneae, 599 



93. Gentianeae, 612 



94. Bignoniaceae, 675 



95. Sesamese, 669 



96. Polemonideae, 635 



97. Convolvulaceae, 630 

 Boragineae, 655 

 Solaneae, 618 

 Antirrhineae, 681 



101. Rhinanthaceae, 681 



102. Labiatae, 659 



103. Myoporineae, 665 



104. Pyrenaceae, 663 



105. Acanthaceae, 678 



106. Lentibularieae, 686 



107. Primulacese, 644 



108. Globularieae, 666 



87. 



90. 



98. 



100. 



B. MONOCHLAMYDEiE. 



Perianth simple, or whose 

 calyx and corolla form 

 only one envelope. 



109. Plumbagineae, 640 



no. Plantagineae, 642 



111. Nyctagineae, 506 



112. Amaranthaceae, 510 



113. Chenopodese, 612 

 jll4. Begoniaceae, 818 



1 115. Polygoneae, 502 



jll6. Laurineae, 835 



117. Myristiceae, 301 



, 118. Proteaceae, 532 



119. Thymeleae, 530 



1 120. Santalacew, 787 



121. Elaeagneae, 257 



122. Aristolochieae, 792 



123. ? Euphorbiaceae , 274 



1 124. Monimieae, 298 



1 125. Urticeae, 260 



1126. Piperitae, 515 



127. Amentaceae, 254 



128. Coniferae, 226. 



2. Endogens or Mono- 

 cotyledons ; that is to 

 say, plants whose ves- 

 sels are arranged in 

 bundles, the youngest 

 being in the middle of 

 the trunk, and whose 

 embryo is furnished 

 with solitary or alter- 

 nate cotyledons. 



A. Phanerogams. 

 Fructification visible, re- 

 gular. 



129. Cycadeae, 223 



130. Hydrocharideae, 141 



131. Alismaceae, 209 



132. Orchideae, 173 



133. Drymyrhizeae, 165 



134. Musaceae, 163 



[De Candolle. 



135. Irideae, 159 



136. Haemodoraceae, 151 



137. Amaryllideae, 155 



138. Hemerocallide8e,200 



139. ? Dioscoreae, 214 



140. Smilaceae. 215 



141. Liliacese, 200 



142. Colchicaceae, 198 



143. .Junceae, 191 



144. Commelineae, 188 



145. Palmae, 133 



146. Pandaneae, 130 



147. Typhaceae, 126 



148. Aroideae, 127 



149. Cyperaceae, 117 



150. Gramineae, 106 



B. Cryptogams. Fructi- 

 fication hidden, un- 

 known or irregular. 



151. Naiades, 143 



152. Equisetaceae, 61 



153. Marsileaceae, 71 



154. Lycopodineae, 69 



155. Filices, 78 



II. Cellular or Acoty- 

 LEDONOus Plants ; 

 that is to say, composed 

 of cellular tissue only, 

 not furnished with ves- 

 sels, and whose embryo 

 is without cotyledons. 



A. FoLiACE^, having 

 leaf-Uke expansions, 

 and known sexes. 



156. Musci, 64 



157. Hepaticae, 58 



B. Aphyll^, not having 

 leaf-like expansions, 

 and no known sexes. 



158. Lichenes, 45 



159. Hypoxyla, 29 



160. Fungi, 29 



161. Algae, 8 



1825. Agardh, Carl von. — (Classes Plantarum). 



This is a duodecimo pamphlet of 22 pages, with a coloured map, and is a recapitulation 

 of the views of classification promulgated by its author between 1821 and 1826, in his 

 Aphorismi Botanici. The object is to group Natiu-al Orders in Classes, that is to say, 

 in divisions subordinate to the primary ramifications of a system, and equivalent to my 

 AlUances. "Classes," says Bishop Agardh, "should be formed by the same rules and 

 on the same principles as Genex-a and Orders ; and therefore not by the breaking up of 

 higher gi'oups, but by the gathering together of lower groups. Yet, up to this time, all 

 the so-called natural classes of plants have been formed upon an opposite principle, with 



the exception of the arrangement of Batsch. We must distinguish, with Linnaeus, 



between the character of a plant and its affinity. The former is derived from the latter, 

 and not vice versa. Plants will sometimes agree in very few characters, which never- 

 theless are bound together by the strongest possible affinity. For instance, Ceratonia is 

 very different from Leguminous plants, and Fraxinus from Jasmines ; yet they are 

 nearly alUed." 



Agardh's primary divisions ai'e nine ; namely, 



1. Acotyledons. • 



2. Pseudocotyledons. 



3. Cryptocotyledons. 



4. Phanerocotyledons 



5. : 



incomplete, 

 complete, hypogynous, monopetalous. 



, polypetalous. 



, discigynous, monopetalous. 



polypetalous. 



perigynous. 



But he adds, that the perigynous and discigynous structures run together, and that no 

 fixed difference can be found between tlie monopetalous and polypetalous conditions. 



The Classes or Alliances which are formed within these primary groups are contrived 

 without sufficient regard to the definitions which precede them, and by which alone 

 they are to be recognised. In fact, the principle of disregarding character and trusting 



