Campanales.J 



CAMPANULACE^. 



G89 



Order CCLXVI. CAMPANULACE^.— Bellworts 



Campaniilsc, Juss. Gen. 163. (1789) in pcrr<.— Cami)anulaceaD, R. Brown Prodr. 559. (18in); Endl. 

 Gen. cx.w. ; I?C. Prodr. 7. 414.— Cyphiaceae, UC. Prodr. 7. 497.— Splienocleaceae, Marliug Con- 

 sped. 162. (1835); Ed. pr. p. 238; VC. Prodr. 7. 548. — Pongatieac, Endl. Gen. p. 519.— 

 Campanuleae, Alph. DC. Monogr. (1830). 



Diagnosis. — Campanal Exogem, with a 2- or move-ccUed oranj, free or half-united 

 anthers, naked stigma, and valvate regidar corolla. 



Herbaceous plants or under-shrubs, yielding a white milk. Leaves almost always 

 alternate, simple, or deeply di^^ded, without stipules. Flowers single, in racemes. 



Fig. CCCCLXIII 



spikes, or panicles, or in heads, usually blue or 

 white, very rarely yellow. Calyx superior, 

 usually 5-lobed (3-8), persistent. Corolla mono- 

 petalou-s, inserted into the top of the calyx, 

 usually 5-lobed (3-8), withering on the fruit, 

 regular ; its sestivation valvate. Stamens in- 

 serted mto the calyx alternately with the lobes of 

 the corolla, to which they are equal in number. 

 Anthers 2-celled, distinct. Pollen spherical. 

 Ovary inferior, with 2 or more polyspermous 

 cells opposite the stamens, or alternate with 

 them ; style simple, covered wAth coUectiug 

 " hairs ; stigma naked, simple, or with as many 



lobes as there are cells. Fruit dry, cro\Mied by the withered calyx and corolla, 

 dehiscing by lateral irregular apertures or by valves at the apex, always loculicidal. 

 Seeds numerous, attached to a placenta in the axis ; embryo straight, in the axis of 

 fleshy albumen ; radicle next the hilum, longer than the cotyledons. 



This Order has been very carefully exammed by M. Alphonse De Candollc, the sub- 

 stance of whose observations as to the more important facts connected with it is inchided 

 in the following remarks :— He considers that Bellworts differ from Lobeliads i-biofly 

 in their regular corolla, their stamens being almost always distinct, tlieir pnllon sphcrit-al 

 (not oval), their stigmas generally long and velvety externally, in the abundance of 

 collecting hairs on the style, and finally in their capsule usually opening laterally. " It 

 is not only in the form,"' he proceeds, " but also in the number of tlie parts, tbat the 

 flower of Bellworts is more regular than that of Lobeliads. Thus, in several Campa- 



Fig. CCCCLXIII.— Wahlenbergia procumbens. 1. an entire flower; 2. stamens; 3. a stigma; 

 4. transverse section of the ovary ; 5. a vertical section of a seed, showing the embryo ; 6. transverse sec- 

 tion of ovary of Campanula Medium ; 7. interior of its seed. 



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