694 



GOODENIACE.E. 



[Epigynous Exogens. 



Order CCLXVIII. GOODENIACEiE.— Goodeniads. 



Ciimpanulae, Juss. Gen. 163. (1789) in part.— Goodeno\ise, R. Brown Prodr. 573. (1810) ; Bartl. Ord. 

 Nat. 148. (1830) ; DC. Prodr. 7. 502.— Goodeniaceae, Ed. pr. cLxxxiv. (1836) ; Endl. Gen. cxxiii.— 

 Sca^voleac, Ed. pr. clxxviii. (1830).— ScBevoIacese, Ed. pr. cLxxxv. (1836). 



Diagnosis. — Campcmal Exogens, with a 2- or more-celled ovary, syngenesious or free 

 anthers, an indusiate stigma, avid induplicate corolla. 



Herbaceous plants, rarely shrubs, without milk, with simple or glandular hairs, if 

 any are present. Leaves scattered, often lobed, without stipules, very rarely opposite. 



Inflorescence terminal, variable. Flowers 

 distinct, never capitate, usually yellow, or 

 blue, or pink. Calyx usually superior, rarely 

 inferior, equal or vmequal, in from 3 to 5 

 divisions. CoroUa always more or less supe- 

 rior, monopetalous, more or less u*regular, 

 withering ; its tube split at the back, and 

 sometimes capable of being separated into 5 

 pieces, when the calyx only coheres with the 

 base of the ovary ; its limb 5-parted, with 1 

 or 2 lips, the edges of the segments beuig 

 thinner than the middle, and folded inwards 

 in aestivation. Stamens 5, distinct, alternate 

 with the segments of the coroUa ; anthers 

 distinct or cohering, 2-celled, bm^sting longi- 

 tudinally. Pollen simple or in fours. Ovary 

 1- 2-celled, rarely 4-celled, with definite or 00 

 ovtJes, having sometimes a gland at its base 

 between the two anterior filaments ; placenta 

 free, central, or only adhering slightly to the 

 dissepiments ; style 1, simple, very rarely 

 divided ; stigma fleshy, undivided, or 2-lobed, 

 suiTomided by a membranous cup. Fruit a 

 1- 2- or 4-celled capsule with many solitary 

 or numerous seeds, attached to the axis of 

 the dissepiment, which is usually parallel 

 with the valves, rarely opposite to them. 

 Seeds usually with a thickened testa, which 

 is sometimes nut-Uke ; albumen fleshy, in- 

 closing an erect embryo ; cotyledons foliaceous ; plumule inconspicuous. 



The great pecuharity of this Order resides in the stigma, which is seated at the bottom 

 of a cup or covering called an indusium, imknown m Bellworts or Lobeliads, to which 

 the genera might otherwise be referred. It is of the same natiu'e as what is found in 

 Brunoniads and Styleworts, and is to be regarded as nothing more than a remarkable 

 exaggei*ation of the rim which smrounds the stigmatic siu'face of Heathworts, and of 

 the plates which cover the style of Cranesbills and Balsams. It is, in fact, the upper 

 free extremity of the carpellary leaves, distinct from that prolongation of the placenta 

 which is named style and stigma. Brown, however, has offered a very different 

 explanation of its natm^e, as wiU be seen by the following extract : — 



" Is this remarkable covering of the stigma in these famiUes merely a process of the 

 apex of the style ? or is it a part of distinct origin, though intimately cohering with the 

 pistillum ? On the latter supposition, may it not be considered as analogous to the 

 glandular disk sm^romiding or crowning the ovarium in many other families ? And, in 

 adopting the hypothesis I have formerly advanced respecting the nature of this disk in 

 certain families, — namely, that it is composed of a series of modified stamina, — has not 

 the part in question a considei'able resemblance, in apparent origin and division, to the 

 stamina of the nearly-related family Stylidiacese ? To render this supposition somewhat 

 less paradoxical, let the comparison be made especially between the indusium of 

 Brunonia and the imperfect antherse in the female flowers of Forstera. Lastly, con- 

 Fig. CCCCLXVI.— Leschenaultia formosa. 1. stamens and style ; 2. cross section of ovary ; 3. longi- 

 tudinal section of OA'ary ; 4. stigma and indusium. 



Fig. CCCCLXVI. 



