Fries.] NATURAL SYSTEMS. xlv 



1 1 Apetalous. IV. Incomplete, with the disk not thickened or staminiferous. 

 Perianth 

 b. squamaceous, imbricated. c. none or doubtful. 



XI. JULIFLORE. XII. NUDIFLORiE. 



a. gamosepalous, concentrated 



X. BRACTElFLORii:. 



1. a. Veprecul.-E 

 b. Aristolochiae 



Cucurbitacese 



2. Artocarpese 



3. Urticeae 

 BalanophoreEE 

 ? Lycopodiaceae 



t complete in 2 rows, 

 a stamens epigynous. 

 XIII. Fructiflor.!. 



1. a. Orchideae 

 b. Irideae 



Narclsseae 



2. Hydrocharideae 



3. Valisneria 



This series is conspicuous for its 

 fruit, epigynous, retrogressive. 



1. a. FraxinecE 



b. Juglandinese 

 Amentaceae 



2. Salicineae 



3. Myriceae 

 Coniferae 

 Equisetum 



1. a. Chlorantheaj 

 b. PiperaceEB 



2. Saururen: 

 Callitiichineae 



3. Naiadeae 

 Ceratophylleae 

 Chara 



Class II. 



MONOCOTYLEDONS. 



Perianth 



b. stamens amphigynous. 



XIV. LlLIIFLOR^E. 



1. a. Liliaceae 



b. Melanthaceae 



2. Alismacece 



3. Juncaceae 



This series is conspicuous for its 

 flowers, central, amphigj-nous. 



1 1 incomplete or 0. 

 c. stamens hypogjnous. 



XV. Sfadiciflore. 



1. a. Callaceae 

 b. Orontiaceae 



2. Potamogetoneae 



3. Cyperacese 



ttt bracteate, valvate. 



XVI. Glu.miflore. 



Gramineae 



This series is conspicuous for its 

 vegetation, progressive, hypogy- 

 nous. 



Class III. 



solitary, simple. 



XVII. FiLICES. 



CRYPTOGAMS, or NEME^. 

 A. Heteroneme^. 

 Germinating threads 



\ b. several, ramifying. 



I XVIII. Musci. 



B. HOMO.VEME^. 



Gonidia 



a. present. Colour herbaceous. 

 XIX. Alge. 



This series is conspicuous for its 

 vegetation, and progressive. 



b. absent. Colour metallic. 

 XX. Fungi. 



This series is conspicuous for its 

 fruit, and retrogressive. 



1835. Martius, C. Fr. Ph. v. — (Conspectus Regni Vegetalilis secundum charactcrcs 

 morphologicos prcesertim carjoicos in classes ordines et familias digesti, <L-c.) 



The motto prefixed to this treatise, *' Ye shall know them by their fruit," explains 

 the principles upon which Dr. Von Martius has constructed liis system. He assumes 

 that " because the fruit and its seed, or the parts analogous to them, constitute the 

 crown and end of the whole nature and vitaUty of plants, on that very account it must 

 be superior to the other parts in dignity." Accordingly its variations are scrutinised 

 with much care, and many new terms are proposed for the sake of expressing those 

 variations Avith gi'eat precision. 



Two primary divisions of the Vegetable Kingdom are admitted, viz. — 1. Primitive 

 Vegetation, consisting of aU known plants except Fuugals, which form of themselves the 

 other division called 2, Secondary Vegetation. 



Primitive vegetation is separated into the follo\ving classes, viz. : I. Ananths, or 

 flowerless plants ; II. Loxines, or Monocotyledons ; III. Tympanochetes, or Gymno- 

 gens ; IV. Orthoines, or Dicotyledons. Each of the more extensive classes is broken 

 up into certain sub-classes and series, under which are stationed Cohorts (or AUiances), 

 in which the Nattiral Orders are finally marshalled. As the plan, which is very artifi- 

 cial, has never been adopted, it \vill be sufiicient to give the Cohorts of one of the sub- 

 divisions, for which purpose a portion of the second Sub-class of Oithoines may be 

 selected. 



Cohort 1. MonocarpcB scabrifolice.—'Urt\cex,'Morex, Artocarpeae, Ulmaceae.Stilagiuese, Hensloviaceee. 

 Cohort 2. Haplocarpce columniferce. — Myristiceae. 

 Cohort 3. Haplocarpce chromanth<s. —Thymelxse, Elaeagneae, Anthobolea;, Osyrideae, lUigereae, Iler- 



nandieae, Aquilarineae, Proteaceae, Santalaceae, Nyssaceae. 

 Cohort 4. Polyplocarpce chromanthte. — Penseaceae. 

 Cohort 5. Haplocarpce auxanthce. — Cheuopodiaceae, Petiveriacete, Nyctagineie, dec. 



