Endlicher.] 



NATURAL SYSTEMS. 



xlvii 



upon mere theoretical considerations, and is difficult to use in consequence of the 

 looseness of the characters assigned to what the author names Classes, which are equi- 

 valent to my Alliances. The following are the details of his system : — 



No opposition of stem and root. No spiral vessels. No sexes. Spores lengthen- \ rm < t t rir.Trv"r. . 

 ing in aU directions j- lUALLOl U\ TA. 



Born without soil : feeding by the surface : fructification vague 



Protophvta. 



Bom on languid or decaying organisms : feeding from within : developing) „ 



all the organs at once.; iiysterophyta. 



Opposition of stem and root. Spiral vessels. Sexes in the more peifect . 



. CORMOPIIYTA. 



Stem growing at the point only, using the lower part only for conveying \ i ^„„„„„. 



fluids. J ACROBRYA. 



Sp.-vessels 0. Both sexes present. Spores loose in spore-cases . . . Anophyta. 

 Sp. -vessels . Male sex missing. Spores loose in one or many-celled spore- \ p,.otonh)/ta 



Both sexes present. Seeds embryoless, of many spores . . Hysterophyta. 



Stem growing at the circumference Aimphibrya. 



Stem growing at both point and circumference Acramphibrya. 



Ovules naked, receiving impregnation immediately by the foramen . . . Gymnosperma. 

 Perianth 0, rudim. or simple, calycine or coloured, free or adherent . . Apetala. 

 Perianth double, outer calycine inner corolline,monopet. occasionally abortive. Gamopetala. 

 Perianth double, outer calycine inner corolline, parts distinct or united by \ T\inJuT.ptn7n 

 the base of the stamens, occasionaUy abortive. J '^'«'i'i'««'«- 



Region I. THALLOPHYTA. 



Section 1. Protophvta. 



Class 1. Algce. 

 DiatomacejB, 12 

 Nostochinae, 18 

 ConfervaceEe,l-l 

 Characeae, 26 

 Ulvacese, 18 

 Florideae, 23 

 Fucaceae, 20 



Class 2. Lichenes. 



Coniothalami, 45 

 Idiothalami, 45 

 Gasterothalami, 45 

 Hymenothalami, 45 



Section 2. Hysterophyta. 

 Class 3. Fungi. 



GjTiinomycetes, 29 

 Hyphomycgtes, 29 

 Gasteromycetes, 29 

 Pyrenomycetes, 29 

 Hymenomycetes, 29 



Region II. CORMOPHYTA. 

 Section 3. Acrobrya. 



Cohoi-t I. Anophyta. 

 Class 4. Hepaticce. 

 Ricciaceae, 57 

 Anthoceroteae, 60 

 Targioniacea?, 58 

 ^Marchantiacese, 58 

 Jungermanniaceae, 59 



Class 5. Musci. 

 Andraeacese, 63 

 Sphagnaceae, 64 

 Brjaceae, 64 



Class 12. Glumacece. 



Gramineae, 106 

 Cyperaceae, 117 



Class 13. Enantioblastce. 



Centrolepideae, 120 

 Restiaceae, 121 

 Eriocauloneae, 122 

 Xyrideae, 187 

 Commelynaceae, 188 



Class 14. HeloUce. 



Alismaceae, 209 

 Butomaceae,208 



Class 15. Coronarice. 



Juncaceae, 191 

 Philydreae, 186 

 Melanthaceae, 198 



Cohort II. Protophyta. 



Class 6. Equiseta. 

 Equisetaceae, 61 



Class 7. Filices. 

 Polj-podiaceae , 78 

 HjTnenophylleas, 80 

 Gleicheniaceae, 80 

 Schizaeaceae, 80 

 Osmundaceae,81 

 Marattiaceae, 82 

 Ophioglossea^, 77 



Class 8. Hydropterides. 



Salviniaceae, 71 

 Marsileaceae, 71 



Class 9. Sclagines, 



Isoeteae, 71 

 Lycopodiaceae, 69 



Class 10. Zamice. 

 Cycadeaceae, 223 



Section 4. Amphibrya. 



Pontederaceae, 206 

 Liliaceae, 200 

 1 Smilaceae, 215 



Class 16. Artorhizce. 



Dioscoreae, 214 

 Taccaceae,149 



Class 17. Ensatce. 



Hydrocharideae , 141 

 iBurmanniaceae, 171 



IridecE, 187 

 iHaemodoraceae, 151 

 |Hypoxideas, 154 



Amaryllideae, 155 



Bromeliaceae, 147 



CLoss 18. Gynandrce. 

 Orchideae, 173 

 lApostasiacese, 184 



Class 19. Scitaminece, 

 Zingiberaceae, 165 

 Cannaceae, 168 

 Musaceae, 163 



Class 20. Fluviales. 

 Naiadeae, 143 



Class 21. SpadicifiarcB. 

 Aroidea?, 127 

 Typhacea% 126 

 Pandaneae, 130 



Class 22. Principes. 

 Pahnas, 133 



Cohort I.GY.MNOSPERM.E 



Class 23. Coniferce. 

 Cupressinae, 226 

 Abietinae, 226 



Cohort III. Hystero- 

 phyta. 



Class 11. Rhizanthece. 



Bakinophoreae, 89 

 Cytineae, 91 

 Rafflesiacese, 93 



Taxineae, 230 

 Gnetaceae, 232 



Cohort II. Apetala. 



Class 24. Pipcrike. 



Chloranthaceae, 519 

 Piperaceae, 515 

 Saurureae, 521 



Class 25. Aqttaticce. 



Ceratophylleae, 263 

 Callitrichineae, 284 

 Podostemeae, 482 



Class 26. JuUfiora. 



Casuarineas, 249 

 Myricese, 256 

 Betulaceae, 251 

 Cupuliferae, 290 



