LiNDLEY] NATURAL SYSTEMS. 



1845. LiNDLEY, John.— (The Vegetable Kingdom^ d-c.) 

 The following is the system employed in the present Work : 



CLASSES. 

 Asexual, or Flowerless Plants. 



Stems and leaves undistinguishable I_ THALLOGENS. 



Stems and leaves distinguishable II. ACROGENS. 



Sexual, or Flowering Plants. 



Fructification springing from a thallus IK, RHIZOGENS. 



Fructification springing from a stem. 

 "Wood of stem youngest in the centre ; cotyledon single. 



Leaves parallel- veined, permanent ; wood of the stem always confused . |V. ENOOGENS 

 Leaves net-veined, deciduous ; wood of the stem, when perennial, 



arranged in a circle with a central pith y^ DICTYOGENS 



Wood of stem youngest at the circumference, always concentric ; cotyledons 2 or more. 



Seeds quite naked • ■ VI. GYMNOGENS. 



mclosed m seed-vessels VH EXOGENS. 



Class I. THALLOGENS. 



Alliances of Thallogens 



1. Ai,GALES.— Cellular flouvrless plants, nourished through their whole surface by the medium in which 



they vegetate ; living in water or very damp places; propagated by zoospores, co- 

 loured spores, or tetraspores. 



2. FvtiGALES.— Cellular fowerless plants, nourished through their thallus {spawn or mycelium) ,• living 



in air ; propagated by spores, colourless or brown, and sometimes inclosed in 

 asci ; destitute of green gonidia. 



3. LicHK^ ALES.— Cellular Jtowerless plants, nourished through their whole surface by the medium in 



which they vegetate ; living in air ,- propagated by spores usually inclosed in asci ; 

 and always having green gonidia in their thallus. 



Natural Orders of Thallogens. 

 Alliance 1. Algales, p. 8. 



Crystalline, angular, fragmentary bodies, brit-") 



tie, and multiplying by spontaneous separa- > 1. Diatomacete or Brittleu^orts, p. 12 



tion J 



Vesicular, filamentary or membranous bodies,") 



multiplied by zoospores generated in the inte- > 2. Confervace<e or Confervas, p. 14 



rior at the expense of their green matter .J 

 Cellular or tubular unsymmetrical bodies,"! „ ^ „ , ^.^ 



multiplied by simple spores formed externally] ^- ^«<^««e« or Seawracks, p. 20 

 Cellular ortubularunsymmetricalbodies.multi-") . --,,,.„_. t> 4 i 



plied by tetraspores . .] ^- Ceramwxem or Rosetangles, j^.^ 



Tubular symmetrically branched bodies, multi- ) 

 plied by spiral coated nucules, filled with > 5. Characece or Charads, p. 26 

 starch j 



Alliance 2. Fungales, p. 29. 



Spores generally quatemate on distinct sporo- f 6. Hymenomycetes, Agaricacece, c 

 phores. Hj-menium naked I Toadstools. 



Spores generally quaternate on distinct sporo- f 7. Gasteromycetes , Lycoperdacea:, c 

 phores. Hymenium inclosed in a peridium. ( Puffballs. 



Spores single, often septate, on more or less ( r. r^,„.^,„„„„.„ ,, ,. 



distinct sporophores Flocci of the fmit ^- Comomycetes, Uredtnacea, or 

 obsolete or mere peduncles ( aitgMs. 



Spores naked, often septate. Thallus floccose { ^' "^^^''^^''^iiif^Z^^'''''^^ '>'' 



Sporidia contained (generally eight together) in r 10. Ascomycctes, Helvellacece, or 

 asci I Morels. 



Spores surrounded by a vesicular veil, or spo- ("11. Physomycetes, Mucoracece, or 

 rangium. Thallus floccose \ , Moulds. 



Alliance 3. Lichenales, p. 45. 



Nucleus breaking up into naked spores ... 12. Graphidacece, or Letter-Lichens. 



d2 



