Ivi 



NATURAL SYSTEMS. 



[LlNDLEY. 



Class II. ACROGENS. 



Alliances of Acrogens. 

 4 MvscAhES.— Cellular (or vascular). Spore-cases immersed or calyptrate (i. e. either plunged in the 

 substance of the frond, or inclosed within a hood having the same relation to the spores 

 as an involucre to a seed-vessel). „ ■, c j- , t 



5. Lycopodales.— FasotJrtj-. Spore-cases axillary or radicle, one or many-ceUed. Spores of two sorts. 



6. FiLicAhES.— Vascular. Spore-cases marginal or dorsal, one-ceUed, usually surromided by an elastM 



ring. Spores of but one sort. 



Natural Orders of Acrogens. 

 Alliance 4. Muscales, p. 54. 



1. IlEPATICiE. 



Spore-cases \alveless, without operculum or"! j^ Ricciaceee, or Crystalworts , p. 57 



elaters J 



Spore-cases valveless or bursting irregularly,) ig Marchantiaceee, ov Liverworts, ^. 58 



without operculum, but with elaters . . .) 

 Spore-cases opening by a definite number oH 



equal valves, without operculum, but with > 17. Jungerrnanniaceie, or Scalemosses,T?. 59 



elaters .••;•-' 



Spore-cases peltate, splitting on one side, with-^ 



out operculum, and with an elater to eveiy > 18. EquisetacecE, or Horsetails, p. 61 



spore j 



2. Musci. 



Spore-cases opening by valves, with an oper-j ^^ Andrceacece, or Splitmosses, p. 63 



• culum, without elaters J 



Spore-cases valveless, with an operculum, ) go. BryacecB, or Urnmosses, p. 64 

 without elaters ) 



Alliance 5. Lycopodales, p. 68. 



Spore-cases 1-3-ceUed, axiUary; reproductive > 21. Lycopodiacea;, or Clubmosses,T^. 69 



bodies similar j 



Spore cases many-celled, radicle (or axillary) ;] 32, MarsileacecB , or Pcpperworts, p. 71 



reproductive bodies dissimilar j 



Alliance 6. Filicales, p. 74. 



Spore-cases ringless, distinct, 2-valved, formed j 23. OvUoqlossacea , or Adders' Tongues, p. 77 



on the margin of a contracted leaf . • . . j 



Spore-cases ringed, dorsal or marginal, dis-J24. Pohmodiacece, ox Ferns, v-^^ 



tinct, splittmg irregularly j •^'' 



Spore-cases ringless, dorsal, connate, spUttingj 35. DanceacecB, or DancBads, p. 82 



irregularly by a ventral cleft j 



Class III. RHIZOGENS. 



Alliance the same as the Class, p. 83. 



Ovules solitary, pendulous ; fruit one-seeded. 26. Balanophoracem, or Cynomoriums, p. 

 OT^les 00, parietal ; fruit many-seeded ; calyx "t ^^ Cytinaceco, or Cistusrapes, p. 91 



3-4-6-parted ; anthers opening by shts . .J -^ 



0\nales 00, parietal; fruit many-seeded, calyx) gg. RafflesiacecB, or Patmaworts,v^^ 



5-parted, anthers opening by pores . . . .J " ' 



Class IV. ENDOGENS. 



Alliances of Endogens. 



* Flowers glumaceous ; (that is to say, composed of bracts not collected in true whorls, but consisting 



of imbricated colourless or herbaceous scales). 



7. Glumales. 



*••<= Flowers petaloid, or furnished with a true calyx or corolla, or with both, or absolutely naked ; 

 <? ? (that is having sexes altogether in different flowers, without half-formed rudiments of the 

 absent sexes being present). 



8. Arales.— Flowers naked or consisting of scales, 2 or 3 together, or numerous, and then sessile on a 



simple naked spadix ; embryo axlle ; albumen mealy or fleshy, (iiome nave no at- 



9. VAI.UA-LES.— Flowers perfect [with both calyx and corolla), sessile on a branched scaly spadix ; em- 



bryo vague, solid ; albumen horny or fleshy. Some Palms are p . 



10. Hydrales.— JF^ower* perfect or imperfect, usually scattered ; embryo axile, without albumen. — 



aquatics, (Some are ^ .) 



*#* — Flowers furnished with a true calyx and corolla, adherent to the ovary ; Q • 



11. Narcissales. — Floioers symmetrical ; stamens 3 or 6, or more, all perfect ; seeds ivith alburmn ; 



flowers xmsymmetrical. (Some Bromeliacecs have a free calyx and corolla). 



12. Amomales. — Flowers unsymmetrical ; stamens 1 to 5, some at least of which are petaloid; seeds 



with albumen. 



13. Orcjhdales.— -Stomen* 1 <o 3; seeds without albumen. 



