Thallogens.] 



FUNGALES. 



31 



Kingdom ; in which respect they differ from Lichens, which very commonly grow upon 



Fig. XIII. 



Fig. XIT. 



the living bark of trees. The more sim- 

 ply organised species are not confined to 

 dead or putrid substances, as is shown 

 by their attacking various plants when 

 in a state of perfect life and vigour ; for 

 it has been incontestably proved by the 

 discoveries of LeveiUe and Corda, that the 

 extensive tribe of Epiphyllous Fungi really 

 belong to this di\'ision, and are not mere 

 anamorphoses of the cellular tissue, as is 

 the case with some productions usually 

 referred to Fungi, as Erineum, Taphrina, 

 &c.* Many observations, also, have been 

 made of late years on the development of 

 Fungi on li^dng animal tissues. Of this 



* It is not merely alterations of the epidermis of plants which assume the appearance of Fungi ; galls 

 also, or tubercles caused by the attacks of insects, bear occasionally a wonderful resemblance to such 

 bodies ; so much so indeed, that 

 they have been referred to them 

 even by good botanists, on a hasty 

 and superficial inspection. FoV 

 here, as in other branches of the 

 creation, we observe somewhat of 

 that wonderful analogy by which, 

 in each distinct class or even divi- 

 sion of natural productions, the 

 same, or extremely similar forms 

 are repeated, though accom- 

 panied by an organisation totally 

 different ; and it is this amongst 

 other circumstances which makes 

 it so absolutely necessary to ex- 

 amine into the intimate structure 

 of the works of the creation, be- 

 fore venturing to pronounce upon 

 their proper place in the system. 

 Several of these galls have been 

 figured by Mr. Curtis in his in- 

 teresting entomological articles in 

 the " Gardeners' Chronicle ; " 

 such, for example, as Oak- 

 spangles, produced by Diplolepis 

 lenticularis; Oak-currants, byCy- 

 nips Quercus pedunculi, WooUy- 

 oak galls, which owe their origin 

 to the puncture of Cj-nips Quer- 

 cus ramuli ; Elm-galls , brought 

 on by the attacks of the Aphis ; 

 in the case of galls, however, it is 

 but a superficial examination 

 which can possibly deceive, for 



Fig. XIII.— Erineum .luglandis. Fig. XIV.— Erineum botrj'ocephalum iCordn). 



Fig. XV.— Oak Spangles.— 3. Upper side ; 4. under side ; 2. silk button galls ; 6. a section of one with 

 a lar^a in the interior. See Curtis in Gardeners' Chronicle, 184.3, p. 52. 



Fig. XV. 



