TUALLOGENS.] 



FUNG ALES. 



41 



exception of that of the spadix of Arum, was in Boletus teneus, (Ann. des Sc. Nat. Feb. 

 1840.) Fvmguie, wMch was considered as a simple body, has been shown by Payen to 

 consist of cellulose and a fatty matter. Payen communicated to Dr. Montague, as the result 

 of his analysis, the following Ust of substances which enter generally into the composition 

 of Fungi: 1. Water. 2. Cellulose, constituting all the sohd part of the membranes of 

 the tissue. 3. Three nitrogenized substances ; one insoluble in water ; a second soluble, 

 coagulable by heat ; a third soluble in alcohol. 4. Fatty matter analogous to wax. 5. 

 Fatty sabstances, one fluid at an ordinary temperature, the other solid, crystallisable at 

 the same temperature. 6. Sugar. 7. ]\Iatter capable of being turned brown by the 

 action of free air. 8. An aromatic substance. 9. Traces of sulphur. 10. Traces of 

 salts of silex and potash. (A^m. of Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 294.) Some species, as Agari- 

 cus cantharellus, Clavaria coralloides, and Agaricus piperatus, contain a sweet sugary 

 matter, which, according to Liebig, is Mannite.—{Annalen, Feb, 1844.) jNI. Bonjean, 

 is of opinion that the poisonous quahties of Ergot are owing to an oily acrid principle. 

 (Journ. de Ch. Med.) Unlike other plants, Fungi, instead of purifxing the ah- by rob- 

 bing it of its carbonic acid and restoring the oxygen, vitiate it by exhaling carbonic acid 

 and absorbing oxygen. This has been proved experimentally by Dr. ISIarcet of 

 Geneva, and will probably explam the cause of Fungi being so universally destitute 

 of green colouiing matter, which we know results from the decomposition of carbonic 

 acid. Certain Fimgi in an imperfect state are said by Caignard-Latom*, Schwann, and 

 others, to be connected with the process of fermentation. The curious cu'cumstance that 

 in certain bakehouses all the bread becomes ropy, and though sometimes prevented from 

 assuming this condition by repeated washing of the walls and floor with chloride of 

 hme, the evil is occasionally so obstinate as to prove the ruin of the establishment, is 

 probably dependent on the same cause. Dutrochet beheves that he has witnessed the 

 growth of a Penicillium from the globules of milk. {Caignard-Latour, Ulnstit. Feb. 

 1837 ; Meyen Jahresh. 1838 ; Dutrochet Ann. des Sc. Nat. N. S. Zool. vol. viii.) 



*v* Although the Fungal Alliance is not here formally broken up into Natural Orders, yet the 

 following may be regarded as their names and peculiar characters : — 



Spores generally quaternate on distinct Sporophores, Hymenium naked . i 



Spores generally quaternate on distinct Sporophores, Hymenhan inclosed 

 in a Peridium 



Spores single, often septate, on more or less distinct Sporophores, Flocciof 

 the fruit obsolete or mere peduncles 



Spores naked, often septate. Thallus floccose 



Sporidia contained (genet-ally eight together) in asci 



Spores surrounded by a vesicular veil, or Sporangium. Thallus floccose . 



S S. 



{"■ 



HYMENoiiycETEs, or 

 Agaricace^. 



Gasteromvceti;s, or 

 Lycoperdace^. 



Coniomycetes, or 

 Uredinace^. 



Hyphomycetes, or 



BOTRYTACE.E. 



AscojiYCETEs, or 

 Helvellace.*;. 

 Physo:>iycetes, or 



MUCORACE^. 



GENERA. 



CoHORs l.—Sporifen. 

 Ordo I — Hymenomycetes. 



Suborder I. Agaricini, 



Fr. 

 Agaricus, L. 

 ♦Amanita, Fr. 

 *Lepiota, Fr. 

 *ArmiUaria, Fr. 

 *Tricholoma, Fr. 

 *CIytocybe, Fr. 

 *Omphalia, Fr. 

 *Collybia, Fr. 

 *Mycena, Fr. 

 ♦Pleurotus, Fr. 

 ♦Volvaria, Fr. 

 *Pluteus, Fr. 

 *Entoloma, Fr. 

 *Clitopilus, Fr. 

 ♦Eccilia, Fr. 

 ♦Leptonia, Fr. 

 ♦Nolanea, Fr. 

 ♦Pholiota, Fr. 

 *iIebeloma, Fr. 

 *Flammula, Fr. 

 *Naucoria, Fr. 

 *Galera, Fr. 

 *Crepidotus, Fr. 

 *Psalliota, Fr. 

 ♦Hypholoma, Fr. 



*Psilocybe, Fr. 

 *Psathyra, Fr. 

 *Panaeolus, Fr. 

 *Psathyrella, Fr. 

 Coprinus, P. 

 Bolbitius, Fr. 

 Cortinarius, Fr. 

 *Phlegmacium, Fr. 

 *Myxacium, Fr. 

 *Inoloma, Fr. 

 ♦Dermocybe, Fr. 

 ♦ Telamonia, Fr. 

 *Hygrocybe, Fr. 

 Paxillus, Fr. 

 Gomphidius, Fr. 

 Stylobates, Fr. 

 I Hygrophorus, Fr. 

 I Lactarius, P. 

 jRussula, P. 

 Cantharellus, Adans. 

 I Phlebophora, Lev. 

 { Heliomyces, Liveill. 

 Pterophyllus, Leveill. 

 Nyctalis, Fr. 

 I Marasmius, Fr. 

 iLentinus, Fr, 

 \ Panus, Fr. 



Xerotus, Fr. 

 Trogia, Fr. 

 Schizophyllum, Fr. 

 Lenzites, Fr. 

 Hymenogramme, Mont. 



Sr Berk. 

 Junghuhnia, Corda. 



Suborder II. Potyporei, 



Fr. 

 Boletus, Bill. 



Ceriomyces, Batt. 



Hypodrys, Pers. 



Suillus, Mich. 

 Polyporus, Mich. 

 Trametes, Fr. 

 Daedalea, Pers. 

 Cyclomyces, Klotzch. 

 Hexagonia, Fr. 



Favolus, P. B. 

 Favolus, Fr. 

 Glaeoporus, Mont. 

 Laschia, Fr. 

 Merulius, Hall. 

 Epichysium, Tode. 

 Porothelium, Fr, 



Suborder III. Hydnei, 

 Fr. 



Fistulina, Bull. 

 Hydnum, L. 



Manina, Scop. 

 Hericium, Fr. 

 Sistotrema, Fr. 

 Irpex, Fr. 

 Radulum, Fr. 

 Phlebia, Fr. 

 Grandinia, Fr. 

 Odontia, Fr. 

 Kneiffia, Fr. 



Suborder IV. Auricu- 



larini, Fr. 

 Craterellus, Fr. 

 Thelephora, Ehr. 

 Cladodenis, P. 

 Stereum, Lk. 

 Hypolyssus, Berk. 

 Auricularia, Fr. 

 Cora, Fr. 

 Dictyonema, P. 

 Midotis, Fr. 

 Corticium, Fr. 

 Guepinia, Fr. 



