CiNCHONALES.] 



CINCHONACE^. 



761 



Order CCXCIII. CINCHONACE^.— Cinchonads. 



Rxxbiaxieee Juss.Gen. 196. (1789) /or the most part ; Ann. il/w*. 10. 313. (1807); Mem Mut 6 %5 • 

 ^'.'i\^t^^'l''t\'^'^:lf-^pf^^^^^^^ 3.309; Ack. Rich. DUserL 'i Sn. 



DL. P)odr. 4. 341 ; Jioi/le s Illustration, v. 287. (18.^5 1 ■ Endl. Gen. c.xxvu. 



Ed. Pr. c.\xvij. 



Soc. h. n. i-ar. ij. »i ; uc. Frodr. 4. 341 ; Jloyle's Illustration, v. 287. (1835) 

 — Lygodysodeace^e, Bartl. Ord. Nat. 207. (1830) ; Martins Conspectus, No. 161; 



I>ixGyosis.—Clnc7ionalRxoffem, with epipetalrms stamens, stmirjht anthers hurstinn lonoi- 

 tudinally, and leaves with interpetiolar stipules. 



Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves simple, quite entire, opposite or verticiUate, with 

 mterpetiolary stipules. Flowers ai-ranged variously, usually in panicles or corymbs 

 Calyx adherent, with a •' i j j^. 



defmite number of di- 

 visions, or none. Co- 

 rolla superior, tubular, 

 regvdar, with a definite 

 number of divisions, 

 which are valvate or 

 imbricated in aestivation 

 and equal to the seg- 

 ments of the calyx. Sta- 

 mens arising from the 

 corolla, all on the same 

 line, and alternate with 

 its segments. Ovary 

 inferior, sui'mounted by 

 a disk, usuaDy 2-celled, 

 occasionally with seve- 

 ral cells ; o\Tales nume- 

 rous and attached to a 

 central placenta, or few 

 and erect or ascending, 

 anatropal or amphitro- 

 pal ; style single, insert- 

 ed, sometimes partly 

 divided; stigma usually 

 simple, sometimes di- 

 vided into a definite 

 number of parts. Fruit 

 inferior, either sphtting 

 into 2 cocci, or indeliis- 

 cent and dry or succu- 

 lent, occasionally many- 

 celled. Seeds definite 



or indefinite ; in the former case erect or ascending, in the latter attached to a central 

 axis ; embryo small, oblong, orthotropal or homotropal, surrounded by horny albumen ; 

 cotyledons tliin ; radicle longer, inferior. 



Tliis well- marked and strictly limited Order is nearly allied to Composites, from 

 which its distmct anthers, bilocular or plm-ilocular ovary, abundant albumen, small 

 embryo, and stipules distinguish it ; and consequently it participates in all the relation- 

 ship of that extensive Order. The inflorescence of Richardsonia and many others is 

 that of Composites ; and in the genus Argophyllum the anthers actually cohere in a 

 tube. No doubt then can be entertained that the Campanal and Cinchonal Alliances 

 come in contact at one part of their frontier. This is moreover strengthened by a very 

 curious genus of the present Order, called Opercularia, which is I'cmarkable for having 

 but one cell in its ovary and one seed, and the number of stamens unequal to the lobes 

 of the corolla ; it occupies an intermediate position between genuine Cmchonads and 

 Teazelworts. There is also, notwithstanding the constantly raonopetalous corolla of 

 this Order, the closest resemblance to UmbeUifers in cei-tain cases ; as, for example, 

 in Pffideria and Lygodysodea, which separate their fruit into two mcricarps, adhering 



Fig. DVI.— CofiFea arabica. 1. a flower magnified ; 2. a section across a ripe fruit ; 3. a portion 

 of a seed, showing tlie small embryo laid bare in the end of convolute albumen. 



