Clnchonales.] 



CAPRIFOLIACE/E. 



767 



nads, in the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, inferior ovary, and opposite 

 leaves, an affinity which is confirmed 

 by the corolla of the latter being occa- 

 sionally regular or irregular. In fact 

 the i-esemblauce between them in 

 habit, structui'e, inflorescence, and 

 sensible properties is so great that 

 there seems to be no certain character 

 to distinguish them except the stipules 

 of Cinchonads ; for the character de- 

 rived from the presence of one o\-ule 

 only m one cell, and of many ovules in 

 two other cells, although very striking 3 

 in Linnaea and Abelia, disappears in 

 others, especially in Ley cesteria, whose 

 ovary has 5 polysperraous cells ; and 

 yet that genus caimot be possibly se- 

 parated from Caprifoils. Their epi- 

 gynous structure di^'ides them from 4 

 Dogbanes, which have much resem- 

 blance in habit : Loranths, once mixed 

 with them, have no petals. But if we 

 consider the Sub-order called Sambu- 

 cese, our "vdew of the affinities of the 

 Order takes a different turn, and we 



Fig. DVIII. 



find an approach to Saxifragals : this is established through the intervention of Hydran- 

 gea, which is undistinguishable in habit from Viburnum, with which it accords in inflo- 

 rescence and in the constant disposition of its flowers to become radiant, but from which 

 it differs in being polypetalous and polyspennous, and only half epigj-nous. Besides 

 these points of resemblance, Caprifoils probably tend towards Umbellifers through 

 Sambuceae. 



Natives of the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America, passing downwards 

 within the Umits of the tropics ; found very sparingly in northern Africa, and little 

 kno\\'n in the southern hemisphere. 



The fragi'ance and beauty of Honeysuckles have been celebrated by poets of every 

 age ; but independently of such a recommendation, the Order of Caprifoils possesses pro- 

 perties of considerable interest. The flowers of the Elder are fragrant and sudorific, its 

 leaves foetid, emetic, and a drastic purgative ; qualities which are also possessed by 

 Viburnum Opulus (the Gueldres Rose), several other species, and even by the Honey- 

 suckle itself. The leaves of Linnaea boreahs are praised by the Swedes as diaphoretic 

 and dim'etic. The inner bark of Viburnum Lantana is so acrid as to be included by 

 some writers among vesicants. The finiit of Viburnum is destitute of these properties, 

 but has, instead, an austere, astringent pulp, which becomes eatable after femientation, 

 and is made into a sort of cake by the North American Indians. Triosteum perfoliatum 

 is a mild cathartic ; m large doses it produces vomiting. Its dried and roasted berries 

 have been used as a substitute for Coffee. The berries of Lonicera caerulea ai'e a 

 favourite food of the Kamtchadales. The wine made from the Elder, Sambucus nigi*a, 

 is well knowTi in England, and is used as a means of adulterating Port-wine. Accord- 

 ing to Mr. Backhouse, there is a species of Elder in Tasmannia, which has large cymes 

 of white sweetish fruit, respecting which nothing deleterious has been observed. 



GENERA. 



I. LONICERE.E. 



Linnsea, Gronov. 



Obolaria, Siegesb. 

 Abelia, R. Br. 

 Symphoricarpug, Dill. 



Symphoria, Pers. 



Anisanthus, Willd. 

 Lejcesteria, Wall. 

 Dier villa, Tournef. 



Weigela, Thunb. 



Calysphyrum , Bung. 

 Alsenosmia, Cunn. 

 Caprifolium, Tournef. 



Periclymenum, Toum. 

 Lonicera, Vesf. 



Xylosteon, Juss. 



Cobcea, Neck. 



Nintooa, Sweet. 



Chanuecerasus, Tourn. 

 Cuphantha, DC. 

 Iska, Mbnch. 

 Triosteum, Linn. 



II. Sambcce.e. 



Viburnum, Linn. 

 Solcnotus, DC. 



Lentago, DC. 



Tinus, Tournef. 



Ofidiis, Tournef. 

 Sambucus, Tournef. 



Phyteinna, Lour. 

 Trlpetelus, Lindl. 

 ? Valentiana, Kcff. 

 ? KarpatOD, Haf. 



Numbers. Ge.n. 14, Sp. 220. 



POSITION.- 



CornacecB. 

 -Cinchonaccce. — Capuiioliace.e.— ColumelliacesB. 



Hijdran(jcacc(e. 



Fig. DVIII.— 1. flower of Linnsea borealis ; 2. the same cut open and showing the interior of the 

 ovary ; 3. a cross section of the ovary ; 4. section of fruit of Lonicera tatarica ; 5. half its seed. 



