130 



PANDANACE^. 



[Endogens. 



Order XXXVII. PANDA NACEtE—Screwpines. 



Pandaneae, i?. J5rou!«, Prodr. 340. (i810) ; De Cand. Propr. MM. 278. (1816) ; Agardh Aph. 133. 

 (1822); Gaudichaud in Ann. des Sc. 3. 509. (1824); Schottet EndUcher Meletemata, p. 15. (1832). 

 Endl. gen. Ixxiv. ; Meisner, p. 359 ; Kunth Enum. 3. 93 ; Bennett in Horsfield, PI. Jav. 32; Blume 

 Rumphia, 1. 155.— Cyclantheae, Poitmu in Mem. Mus. 9. 34. (1822) ; Schottet EndUcher, Melete- 

 mata, p. 15. (1832); Martins Conspectus, No. 22. (1835).— Cyclanthacese, erf. pr.—Fieycinetieae, 

 Ad. Brongn. tableauxv. (1843). 



Diagnosis. — Ai'al Endogens, with numerous nated or scaly flowers, arranged on a spadix 

 covered by many spathes, stalked anthers, loose seeds, and a solid minute embryo. 



Trees or bushes, sometimes sending doA\Ti aerial roots, sometimes weak and decumbent. 

 Leaves imbricated, in three rows, long, linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul, ^\•ith their margins 

 almost always spiny ; or pinnated, or fan-shaped ; the latter being true leaves, the former, 

 perhaps, mere leaf-stalks. Floral leaves l 



smaller, often coloured, and spathaceous. 



Flowers ^ $ or polygamous, naked, 

 or furnished with a few scales, arranged 

 on a wholly covered spadix. ^ : Stamens 

 numerous. Filaments with single an- 

 thers ; anthers 2-4-celled. $ : ovaries 

 usually collected in parcels, 1 -celled ; 

 stigmas as many as the ovaries, ses- 

 sile ; ovules solitary, attached to the 

 suture, or very numerous, and spring- 

 ing from as many parietal placentae as 

 there are styles, anatropal. Fruit 

 either fibrous drupes, usually collected in 

 parcels, each 1 -seeded ; or many-celled 

 berries, with polyspermous cells. Albu- 

 men fleshy, with a minute embryo at the 

 base next the hilum, not slit on one side. 



Although this Order is certamly very 

 distinct from Arads, it is by no means 

 easy to define its hmits. Blume says 

 it is prmcipally kno\\Ti by its numerous 

 spathes to each spadix, and its nar- 

 row, sessile, 3-rowed leaves, spiny at 

 the back and edge, {Rumphia 2. 155); 

 but this appUes only to Pandanese pro- 

 per, for the Cyclantheous division has 

 the flabellate or pimiate foliage of Palms, 

 and to all appearance estabhshes the con- 

 nection between the Aral and Palmal 

 Alliances. 



The species of Pandanus and Freyci- 

 netia have the aspect of gigantic Brome- 

 lias, bearing the flowers of a Spargani- 

 um. WhUe there is no analogy with the 

 former in stinicture beyond the general 

 appearance of the foliage ; the organisa- 

 tion of the fructification bears so near a 

 resemblance to the latter as to have led 

 to the combination of Scre^\'pines and 

 Typhads by botanists of the first autho- 

 rity. But when we contrast the naked Fig.LXXXVIII. 

 flowers, the compomid highly-developed 

 fruit, the spathaceous bracts, the entire embryo, and the arborescent habit of the for- 



Flg. LXXXVIII.— 1. A Pandanus ; 2. a stamen of Freycinetia imbricata ; 3. an ovary of ditto ; 4. 

 the transverse section of the same ; 5. a perpendicular section of its SQQ^.—Blinne. 



