Gymnogens.] 



PINACE^, 



229 



Pumilio ; a most fragrant resin from Araucaria brasiliensis ; a hard brittle resiu like 

 copal from Dammara australis ; Bourdeaux tm-pentine from P. Pinaster ; Carpathian 

 balsam from P. Pinea ; .Strasburg tm-pentine from Abies pectuiata (P. Picea Z.), our 

 Silver Fir ; Canadian balsam from Abies balsamea, or the Balm of Gilead Fir. The 

 common Larch yields Venetian tm'pentine ; a saccharine matter called Mamia of Brian- 

 ^on exudes from the branches, and when the Larch forests in Russia take fire a gum 

 issues from the trees durmg their combustion, which is termed Gummi Orenbergense ; 

 and which is wholly soluble m water hke gum-arabic. Liquid storax is thought to 

 be yielded by the Dammar Pine. Sandarach, a whitish yellow, brittle, inflammable, 

 resinous substance, with an acrid aromatic taste, is said by Thomson to exude from 

 Jvmiperus commmiis ; but upon the authority of Brongniart and Schousboe, it is the 

 tears of Callitris quadrivalvis. I have seen a plank two feet wide of this Sandarach tree, 

 which is called the Arar Tree m Barbary. The wood is considered by the Turks m- 

 destructible, and they use it for the ceilings and floors of their mosques. The substance 

 from which spruce beer is made is an extract of the branches of the Abies canadensis, or 

 Hemlock Spruce, and of Abies nigi-a. Great tannmg powers exist m the bark of the 

 Larch ; as great, it is said, as in the Oak. The stmiulating dim-etic powers of the Savin, 

 Juniperus Sabina, are well known, and are partaken of in some degree by the common 

 Juniper, the dim-etic berries of which are an ingredient in flavoiu-ing gin ; and by the 

 Thuja occidentahs, and Taxodium distichum. Cypress was even once regarded febri- 

 fugal, and its oil as anthelmmtic. The fetid oil of Juniperus oxycedrus is employed in 

 veterinary practice. The large seeds of many are eatable. Those of the Stone Pine of 

 Eui'ope, Pinus Pinea (the ttitvs, Biosc), Pmus Cembra, Pmus Lambertiana and Gerar- 

 diana, and Araucaria Dombeyi, are all eatable when fresh ; and Mr. Bidwill found the 

 natives of Moreton Bay feeding on the seeds of the Araucaria Bidwillii. 



Suborder I. Abiete^. 

 — Ovules inverted; pol- 

 len oval, curved, 



Pinus, Linn. 

 Abies, Tournef. 



Picea, Link. 



Larix, Touraef. 



Cedriis, 'MiW. 

 Cunninghamia, R. Br. 



Belis, Salisb. 



GEN 



Arthrotaxis, Don. 

 Microcachrys, Hooh, fil. 

 Sciadopitys, Zucc, 

 Araucaria, Juss. 



Dombeya, Lam. 



Colymbea, Salisb. 

 Eutassa, Salisb. 



Aliingia, Loud. 

 Dammara, Rumph. 



Agathis, Salisb. 



ERA. 

 Suborder II. Cupres- 

 SE.E. — Ovules erect ; 

 pollen spheroidal. 



Juniperus, Linn, 

 Thuiaecai-pus, Trautv. 

 Thuja, Tournef, 



Biota, Don. 



Plati/cladus, Spach. 



Ci/parissa, Don. 

 Cryptomeria, Don, 

 Thujopsis, Zucc. 



Cupressus, Tournef. 



Chamcecyparis, Spach. 

 Retinispora, Zucc, 

 Callitris, Vent 

 Parolinia, Endl. 



Pachylepis, Brongn. 

 Taxodium, L.C.Rich. 



Schuhertia, Mirb. 



Condylocarpus, Salisb. 

 Chamaepeuce, Zucc. 



Numbers. Gen. "20. Sp. 100. 

 Position.— Cycadeace8e.—Pi>ACE.E.—Taxace8e. 



Fig. CLVIII.-Thuja orientalis ; 1. a magnified fr^S^^a branch bearing a ^^^^^ 

 2. a portion of a female branch ; 3, 4. scales with naked ovules ; o. a vertical section of a npe seea. 



