EUPHORBIALES.] 



EUPHORBIACE^. 



281 



The powder which floats off' in the water is a very pure starch, which, when it settles 

 down, becomes Tapioca. Manihot Aipi, Pohl assui-ea us, has a harmlet^s root. 



Cnidoscohis quuiquelobus (Jatropha urens, L.) is covered with hairs which stino- 

 severely, as indeed occurs elsewhere in this Order. The juice of its branches and seeds 

 is diuretic. The root of another species, C. herbaceus, is used in the same way as 

 Mandicc in Mexico and Carolina. 



A few yield dyes. Turnsole, a well known pui-ple dinig, which becomes blue upon 

 the application of ammonia, is the inspissated juice of Crozophora tmctoria (rjXiorpSwiov 

 lxiKp6v) found in the southern parts of Europe. Its juice is acrid, and its seeds cathar- 

 tic, as m others of this Order. Similar colours are found in other species of Crozophora, 

 in some Crotons, Argythamuia, Ditassa and Claoxylon. The seed-vessels of Rottlera 

 tinctoria are covered with a mealy powder which gives a scarlet colour, as also does 

 its root. Maproimea brasiUensis, or the Marmeleiro do Campo of Brazil, yields a black 

 dye, which is, however, fugitive ; a decoction of its root is also admmistered in 

 derangement of the stomach ; according to Auguste de St. Hilaii-e, it is destitute of 

 milky juice. 



The timber of Buxus sempervirens is remarkable for its hardness and compactness, 

 whence its value to wood engravers. There is reason to believe that the timber imported 

 from the coast of Africa, mider the name of African Teak, belongs to some tree of this 

 Order. For further information as to the uses of Spurgeworts, see Martius Materia 

 Medica Braz'diensium. 



GENERA. 



I. — Prosopidocline^, 

 Klotzsch. O-s-ule soli- 

 tary. Seeds with an aril- 

 lus, and no albumen ( ? I . 

 Involucre globose,t)lad- 

 der-like, opening on one 

 side, finally dropping 

 off, containing from 3 

 to 6 flowers. Flowers 

 dioecious, apetalous. 



Schismatopera, Kl. 

 Spixia, Leandr. 

 Pera, Mutis. 

 Peridium, Schott. 



II.— EuPHORBiE^. Ovule 

 solitary. Seeds albu- 

 minous. Flowers monoe- 

 cious, apetalous ; $ and 

 ? , mi.xed, in a cup- 

 shaped involucre. 



Pedilanthus, Neck. 

 Crepidaria, Haw. 

 Tithymaloides, Tournf . 



Euphorbia, Linn. 

 Tithymaius, Tournef. 

 Euphorbium, Isn. 

 Keraselma, Neck. 

 Athymalus, Neck. 

 Treisia, Haw. 

 Bactylanthus, Haw. 

 Medusea, Haw. 

 Galorhwus, Haw. 

 Esitla, Haw. 

 Anisuphyllum, Haw. 



Lopadocaly.x, Kl. 



Poinsettia, Graham. 



Anthostema, Adr. Juss. 



Ualechampia, Plum. 



III.— HippoMANE.«. Ov- 

 ule solitary. Flowers 

 apetalous, in spikes; 

 bracts 1 -many-flower- 

 ed. 



Maprounea, AuU. 



JEyopricon, Linn. f. 

 Adenopeltis, Bert. 

 CoUiguaja, Molin. 

 Dactylostemon, Kl. 



Gymnarrhcn, Leandr. 

 E.vcoecaria, Linn. 



Gjtnnanthes, Swartz. 

 Gussonia, Spreng. 

 Sebastiania, Spreng. 

 Adenogj'ne, Kl. 

 Sennefeldera, Kl. 

 Actinostema, Mart. 

 Sarothrostachys, Kl. 

 Styloceras, Adr. Juss. 

 Commia, Lour. 

 Synaspisma, Endl. 

 Hura, Linn. 

 Psilostachys, Turcz. 

 Hippomane, Linn. 



Manfanilla, Plum. 

 Pachystemon, Blum. 

 Omalanthus, Adr. Juss. 



Carumbium, Reinw. 

 Stillingia, Gard. 



Stillincifleetia, Boj. 

 Sapium, Jacq. 



Triadica, Lour. 

 Coelebogyne, J. Sm. 

 Microstachys, Adr. Juss. 



Cnemidostachys, Adr. 

 Juss. 



IV. — AcALYPHE^. Ov- 

 ule solitary. Flowers 

 apetalous, in clustered 

 spikes or racemes. 



Tragia, Plum. 



Schorigcram, Adans. 

 Traganthus, Kl. 

 Leucandi-a, Kl. 

 Cnesmone, Blum. 

 Leptorhachis, Kl. 

 Bia, Kl. 

 Plukenetia, Plum. 



Sajor, Rumph. 

 Botryanthe, Kl. 

 Iledraiostylus, Hassk. 



Pterococcus, Hassk. 



Ceratococcus, Meisn. 

 Anabaena, Adr. Juss. 

 Mercurialis, Linn. 



Linozostis, Endl. 



Trismegista, Endl. 

 Acalypha, Linn. 



Cupamcni, Adans. 



listeria, Dennst. 



? Caturus, Linn. 



Galurus, Spreng. 

 Adenocline, Turcz. 

 Mappa, Adr. Juss. 



Macaranga, Thouars. 



Panopia, Noronh. 

 Monospora, Kl. 

 Ctenomeria, Harv. 

 Claoxylon, Adr. Juss. 



Erythrochilus, Reinw. 

 Conceveiba, Aubl. 

 Cladogynos, Zlppel. 

 Platygyna, Mercier. 

 Simmondsia, Nutt. 

 Aparisthmium, Endl. 



Conceveibum,Ij.C.Rich. 

 Omphalea, Linn. 



Omphalandria, P. Br. 



Duchola, Adans. 

 Hecatea, Thouars. 

 Cleidion, Blum. 

 Alchornea, Soland, 



V. — Crotoxe.e. Ovule 

 solitai-j'. Flowers usu- 

 ally having petals, in 

 clusters, spikes, racemes 

 or panicles. 



Cephalocroton, Kl. 

 Trachycaryon, A'^. 

 Calyptrostigma, Kl. 

 Garcia, Bohr. 

 Mabea, Aubl. 

 Siphonia, Rich. 



Hevea, Aubl. 

 Elateriospermum, Blum. 

 Anda, Marcgr. 



Johannesia, Velloz. 



Andiscus, Fl. Fh 

 Aleurites, Forst. 



Ambinux, Commers. 



Tclopca, Soland. 



Camirium, Rumph. 

 Givotia, Griff. 

 Ostodes, Blum. 

 Elaeococca, Commers. 



Dryandra, Thunb. 



Vernicia, Lour. 



Abasin, Kiimpf. 

 •Jatropha, Kunih. 



Adenorhopium, Pohl. 

 Curcas, Adans. 



Brom/ddia, Neck. 



Castiglionia, R . et Pa v. 

 Cnidoscohis, Pohl. 



Bivonca, Raf. 



Jussievia, Houst. 



Manihot, Plum. 



Janipha, Kunth. 



Mandiocca, Link. 



Aypi, Bauh. 



Camagnoc, Aubl. 

 Ricinus, Tournef. 

 Spathiostemon, Blum. 

 Baloghia, Endl. 

 Ricinocarpus, De^. 



Echinosphcera , Sieb. 



Roper ia, Spreng. 

 Amperea, Adr. Juss. 

 Mozinna, Or teg. 



Loureira, Cav. 

 Hemicyclia, W.etArn. 

 Gelonium, Roxb. 



Erythrocarpus, Blum. 

 Codiaeum, Rumph. 



Phyllaurea, Lour. 

 Tetrorchidium, Popp. 

 Rottlera, Roxb. 



Mallotus, Lour. 



Adisca, Blum. 

 Trewia, L. 



Tetragastris, Gaertn. 

 Adriania, Gaudich. 

 Cheilosa, Blum. 

 Acidoton, Swartz. 

 Baliospermum, Blum. 

 Beyeria,- Miq. 

 Ha?matospermum, Wall. 

 Hendecandra, Eschsch. 



Astcrogyne, Benth. 

 Adelia, Linn. 



Bernardia, Houst. 

 Crotonopsis, L. C. Rich. 



Li'ptemon, Raf. 

 I Friesia, Spreng. 

 Peripterygium, Hassk. 

 Heterochlamys, Turcz. 

 Serophyton, G.B. 

 Eremocarpus, G. B. 

 Engelmanuia, Kl. 

 Geisseleria, Kl. 

 Pilinophytum, A7. 

 Croton, Linn. 



Ricinoides, Tournef. 



Cascarilla, Adans. 



Tridesmus, Lour. 



Aroton, Neck. 



Lunlia, Neck. 



Cinogasum, Neck. 



Brunsvia, Neck. 



Ricinocarpus, Bocrh, 

 Julocroton, Mart. 



