Malvales.] 



TILIACE/E. 



371 



Order CXXXI. TILIACEiE.— Lindenblooms. 



Tiliaceae, Juss. Gen. 290. (1789) in part.; Kunth. Malv. Diss. p. 14. (1822); DC. Prodr. 1. 50.3. (1824); 

 Lindl. Coll. p. 54. (1829); Endl. Gen. ccxii. ; Melsmr, Gen. p. 36.— Elaeocarpese, Juss. Ann. 

 Mus. 11. 22.3. (180S); DC. Prodr. 1. 519. (1824); Arnott. Prodr. Penins. Ind. 1. 81. a834).— 

 Maquinae, Mart. — Aristoteliaceae, Endl. 



Diagnosis. — Mahal Exogem, with free stamens on the outside of a disl; albuminous seeds, 



and straight erahryo. 



Trees or shrubs, very seldom herbaceous plants. Leaves simple, stipulate, toothed, 

 alternate. Flowers axillary, usually perfect. Sepals 4 or .5, distinct or united, with a 



%„.- 



Fig. CCLYII. 



Fig. CCLVIII. 



r^Mr). , 



Fig. CCLIX. 



valvate aestivation. Petals 4 or 5, entire, usually with 

 a little pit at theu* base, or wanting ; most commonly the 

 size of the sepals. Stamens generally 00, h}^ogynous, 

 distinct, sometimes smTOunded at the base by the lobed 

 and enlarged border of the stalk of the pistil ; anthers 

 •2-celled, dehiscing longitudmaUy or by pores, the outer 

 stamens sometimes abortive and petaloid. Ovary single, 

 composed of from 2 to 10 carpels, which are sometimes 

 disunited ; style 1 ; stigmas as many as the carpels ; 

 o\ades attached to the inner angle, either free or 00, in 

 two rows, pendulous, horizontal, or ascending, anatropal. 

 Fruit dry or pulpy, often prickly, sometimes winged, \\\\\\ several cells, or one only by 

 abortion. Seeds sohtary or numerous ; embryo erect in the axis of fleshy albumen, 

 with flat foUaceous cotyledons and a radicle next the hilum. 



Although tliis Order is apparently limited by the character assigned to it in the 

 Diagnosis, yet it includes so many instances of anomalous structm'e, that some reason- 

 able doubt 'must be entertained as to its being really so natural an assemblage as it 

 seems to be. The petals are sometimes absent. A genus called Diplophractum is 

 remarkable for ha%Tng a finiit with several spurious cells, and the placentae in the cir- 

 cumference instead of the axis. Apeiba has sometimes as many as 24 cells m the 

 fruit. Brown notices the existence of an African genus of this Order (Clmstiania, DC), 

 remarkable in having a calyx of 3 lobes, while its corolla consists of 5 petals ; the fruit 

 composed of 5 single-seeded capsules connected only at the base. The genus Aristo- 

 telia, sometimes placed near Homaliads or Philadelphads, seems to have most aftinity 

 with this Order, notwithstandmg that its calyx is not valvate ; it has fomied the type 

 of an Order called Maquinte by Mai-tius, and Aristotehacese by Endlicher. In most 

 respects Lmdenblooms resemble StercuUads, Mallowworts, and the Orders allied to 

 them, more especially in the valvate aestivation of their calyx. They ai-e sufticiently 

 known by their glandular disk and distinct stamens, with 2-celled anthers. 



The piincipal part of the Order is foimd withm the tropics all over the world, foi-m- 

 ing mean weed-like plants, or shrubs, or trees, with handsome, usually white or pink, 

 flowers. A small number are peculiar to the northern parts of either hemisphere, where 

 they form timber-trees. 



Fig. CCLVIL— Fruit of Apeiba as^Qxa..— Gartner . 



Fig. CCLVIII.— Berrja aramomWa.— Wight. 1. a flower; 2. the ovary and two stamens; 3. a cross 

 section of the ovary ; 4. a perpendicular section of it ; 5. a portion of its fruit. 

 Fig. CCLIX.— Triumfetta cordifolia. 1. a fruit ; 2. a seed ; 3. a section of it. 



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