SAPINDALES. 373 



Alliance XXIX. SAPINDALES. — The Sapindal Alliance. 



Diagnosis. — Hypogynoiis Exogens, with monodkhlamydeous tinsymmetncal flowers, axile 

 placentce, an imbricated calyx and corolla, definite stamens, and little or no 

 albumen. 



In every Order, comprehended under this AUiance, the flowers are more or less 

 misj-mmetrical, and in several of them such uTegularity occui's in more than one 

 series of the floral oi'gans. Thus, the Poreworts, which are among the most symmetri- 

 cal, are pentamerous except the ovary, which consists of 2 carpels. Bladder-nuts have 

 similar proportions, while JSIalpigliiads and Erytlu'oxyls combine a 3-merous ovai'y mth 

 a 5 merous flower. 



The Orders seem to be all bound up in close relationship, with the exception of 

 Vochyads, which are but little known and whose true station is therefore doubtful. 

 Petiveriads, though generally dismiited from Sapindals by a long interval, can hai'dly 

 be regarded as anything more than an apetalous, very simple form of Soapworts. 



The passage into Guttiferals is not tlu'ough Erythroxyls, which stand last in the 

 foDowing series, but through Soapworts, which are extremely near the Guttiferal 

 RMzobols. 



Natural Orders of Sapindals. 

 Flowers complete, partially symmetrical. Calyx vcdvate. 



Anthers 2- i-celled, opening by pores 



1-132. Tremandrace^. 



Floioers complete (irregular), unsymmetrical. Petals naJced.\-. no PorvrATArF/F 



Anthers l-celled, opening by pores. Seeds caruncidate. . j ' 

 Flowers complete, unsymmetrical, very irregidar. Petals'^ 



naked. Anthers op)enmg longitudinally. Carpels 3. Seeds i-lM. Yocryacbm. 



winged. (In one case the ovary is adherent) J 



Floivers complete, partially symmetrical. Calyx imbricated. "| 



Ovules ascending. Stigmas simple. Leaves opposite, with > 135. Staphyleace^. 



stipules J 



Floivers complete, unsymmetrical. Petals usually with aw"j 



appendage or 0. Anthers opening longitudinally. Car- 1 136. Sapindace^. 



pels 3, Seeds usually arillate, wingless J 



Floioers apetalous. Carpel solitary 137. Petiveriace^e. 



Flowers complete, unsymmetrical. Petals naked or 0. An-'\ 



thers opening longitudinally. Carpels 2. Seeds tvithout 1 138. Acerace^. 



an aril J 



Flowers complete, partially symmetrical. Calyx imbricated, "l 



Petals naked, stalked. Ovules hanging by cords. Stigmas > ISO. Malpighiacej:. 



simple. Embryo usually convolute J 



Flowers complete, partially symmetrical. Calyx imbricated. "I 



Petals ^vith an appendage. Ovules sessile, pendulous. 1-140. ERYTiiROXYLACEiii;. 



Stigmas capitate. Embryo straight J 



