456 RUTALES. [Hypogynous ExoGENS. 



Alliance XXXV. EUTALES.— Tim Rutal Alliance. 



Diagnosis. — Hypogynous Exogens, xoith monodichlamydeous symmetrical floioers, ax'de 

 placentcB, an inibricated calyx and corolla^ definite stamens, and an embryo with 

 little or no albumen. 



The larger part of this Alliance might and even has been regarded as one Natural 

 Order, and by all Botanists the members of it are placed in very close relationship, 

 with the exception of Waterpeppers and Podostemads. The two latter are, however, 

 so very like degraded forms of Rueworts, that I camiot but regard them as standing in 

 the same relation to Rutals as Hippurids to the Myrtal Alliance. They are, however, 

 in tracing affinities, to be looked upon as mere lateral ofiFshoots from some of the higher 

 Orders, and not as either terminating a line or completing a circle of affinities. 



Strictly speaking, the Rutal AUiance touches the Erical by means of Rueworts 

 themselves, among which Correa assumes the appearance of an Andi'omeda ; in like 

 manner it does not pass into the Geranial AUiance by way of Podostemads, but through 

 Beancapers, which stand close to Oxahds, or even Cranesbills, of which they have the 

 stipules. 



Terebinths approach the genus Juglans in the Diclinous series, through such of their 

 vinisexual genera as Pistacia. 



Natural Orders of Rutals. 



Fruit comolidated, succulent, indehiscent. Petals imbricated.^-, ~r. Aup.^TiArFF 



Stamens free, or nearly so. Leaves dotted J 



Fruit consolidated, hard, d7^, somewhat valvular. Petals t'aZ-"li^j AMYRinArPyF 



vate. Stamens free. Leaves geiurally dotted J ' ' 



Fruit consolidated, capsidar. Stamens deeply monadelphous or l.^^ Cedrel 



free. Seeds numerous, winged j ' ace^. 



Fruit consolidated, berried or capsular. Stamens deeply mono- \^jo yr 



delphous. Seeds few, wingless. Leaves dotless j ' 



Fruit apocarpous. Ovule single, suspended by a cord rising li-^^ Axrw 



from the base of the carpel J ' ' acardiace^. 



Fruit apocarpous. Ovules collateral, ascending, orthotropal,']-,^^ Cowar cem 



sessile / 



Fruit finally apocarpous, few-seeded, with the pencarp sepa- 1 1 7f> t> 



rating in two layers. Ovules sessile, pendulous. Flowers . f ' ^ ^^* 

 Fruit finally apocarpous, few-seeded, with the pericarp sepa- 1 , -- ^ 



rating in two layers. Ovules sessile,pendulous. Fl&wersS -0-^ - j AANTHOXYLACEJi:. 



Fi'uit finally apocarpous, one-seeded, with the pericarp not lami- "1 , -o Ochxace^ 



nating, and a succulent conical torus J 



Fridt finally apocarpous, one-seeded, tvith the pericarp not lami- "I 



mating^ and a dry inconspictious toinis. Albumen wanting. 1-179. Simarubace^. 



Leaves altei-nate, without stipides J 



Fruit finally apocarpous, feiv-seeded, with the pericarp nof] 



laminating, and a di^ inconspicuous torus. Albumen present. w80. Zygophyllace^. 



Leaves opposite, with stipules J 



Fruit finally apocarpous, many-seeded. Flowers polypetalovs . . 181. Elatinace^e. 

 Fruit finally apocarpous, many-seeded. Floicers apetalous, very 1 i go Po o ceje 



imperfect J 



