RUTALES.] 



XANTHOXYLACEiE. 



473 



smooth and blackish integument, which is even sometimes hollowed out on its inner 

 edge ; a fleshy albumen surrounding an embryo the radicle of which is superior, are 

 all pouits of analogy between Xanthoxyls and Spurgeworts, particularly between 

 those which have in their ^ flowers from 4 to 8 stamens inserted round the rudiment 

 of a pistil, and in the ^ flowers cells with 2 suspended, usually collateral ovules. Fi- 

 nally, several Xanthoxyls have in their habit, and especially in their foliage, a marked 

 resemblance to the Ash. The dioecious flowers of Fraxinus, its ovary, the two cells of 

 which are compressed, havuig a single style, 2 ovules in the inside, and scales on the 

 outside, and which finally changes uito a samara which is 1 -celled and 1-seeded by abor- 

 tion, all establish certain points of contact between Ptelea and Fraxinus." — Ad. de Juss. 



Most of the species belong to America, especially to the tropical parts ; some are 

 foimd in temperate regions ; they are rare in Africa ; some exist in the Isles of France 

 and Madagascar, and in New Holland : many are natives of India and China. 



The species are nearly all aromatic and pungent. The Xanthoxylums are popularly 

 called Peppers in the countries where they are found. X. Clava' and fraxineum are 

 powerful sudorifics and diaphoretics ; they are remarkable, according to Barton, for 

 their exti-aordinary power in exciting sahvation, whether applied immediately to the 

 gums or taken internally ; both plants are reputed to have been used successfully in 

 paralysis of the muscles of the mouth, in toothache, and in rheumatic aff'ections. X. 

 caribaeum is held to be a febrifuge. The Chinese enumei'ate the root of X. nitidum 

 among calefacient, sudorific, febrifugal, and emmenagogue medicmes. The seeds of X. 

 Budrunga have the fragrance of Lemon-peel. The um-ipe capsides of X. Rhetsa are 

 gi'atefully aromatic, tasting like the peel of a fresh Orange. A plant called Coentrilho 

 in Brazil (X. hiemale) is employed as a remedy for pain in the ear, for which purpose 

 the powder of its bark is made use of. Its wood is very hard, and valuable for build- 

 ing. The fruit of Ptelea has a strong, bitter, aromatic taste, and is said to have been 

 used with some success as a substitute for Hops. Every part of the shnab has a strong 

 pungent taste, more especially the roots when fresh. The leaves are eaten raw for 

 pains in the bowels, and the pungent I'ipe berries make an admirable pickle. — Wight. 

 The capsules and seeds of X. hastile, called Tej-bul by the natives, are employed in 

 northern India for intoxicating fish ; they are also given as the Faghureh of A^'icenna. 

 X. piperitum and Avicennae are used in China and Japan as an antidote against all 

 poisons ; they would, imdoubtedly, in many cases be of considerable use as a stimulant 

 remedy. The bark of the root of Toddaha aculeata is said to be employed as a cure for 

 the remittent fevers caught in the jungles of the Indian liills. — Boyle's Illustr. 157. 



Dictyoloma, DC. 

 Pitavia, Molin. 



Galvesia, Ruiz et Pav. 

 Brunellia, Ruiz et Pav, 

 Xanthoxylon, Kunth. 



Pterota, P. Brown. 



Lacaris, Hamilt. 



Fagara, Lam. 



Tobinia, Desv. 



Ochroxylum, Schreb. 



Curtisia, Schreb. 



Kampmannia, Raf. 



GEN 



Pe7itamone, Mo^. etSes. 



Pohlana, Nees et Mrt. 



Langsdorfia, Leandr. 



Maqueria, Commers. 



Rhetsa, Wight et Arn. 



Typalia, Dennst. 



Aubertia, Bory. 

 I Blackbumia, Forst. 

 \ Boymia, Adr. Juss. 



Ciiclocarpus, Jungh. 

 Toddalia, Ji/*5. 

 1 Scopolia, Smith. 



ERA. 



Crantzia, Schreb. 

 Vepris, Commers. 

 I Asaphes, DC. 

 I Boscia, Thunb. 



Duncania, Rchb. 

 Ptelea, Linn. 



Belluccia, Adans. 

 jCymlnosma, Gartn. 

 1 Jamboiifera, Linn. 

 I Gela, Lour. 

 ! Laxmannia, Smith. 

 I Doriena, Dennst. 



Spathelia, Linn. 

 Spathe, P. Br. 



Ailanthus, Desf. 



Aspidostigma, Hochst. 

 . Teclea, Del. 



! ? Pseudiosma, Adr. Juss. 

 I ? Tetradium, Lour. 

 I ? Philagonia, Blum. 



? Bischofia, Blum. 

 I ? Phelline, Labill. 

 ; ? Guindilia, Gill. 



r 



Numbers. Gen. 20. Sp. 110. 



EwphwbiacecB. 

 Position. — Rutacese. — Xanthoxylace^. — Aurantiacese. 



