RosALEs.] ROSALES. 539 



Alliance XLII. ROSALES. — The Rosal Alliance. 



Diagnosis. — Perlgyno^i.s Exogeiis, with monodichlamydeous flowers, disthict carpels, sutu- 

 red placenta, definite seeds, corolla, if present, polypetalous, and an amygdaloid 

 'JO with little or no albumen. 



The sequence of affinities seems to be broken when Daphnals are stationed next 

 Rosals ; but if Calycanths are regarded as the equivalent among Rosals of Plume 

 Nutmegs among ^lenispermals, the transition is not so violent ; for the relation of 

 Laurels to Plume Nutmegs is usually admitted, and therefore their affinity to Caly- 

 canths must also be conceded. In fact, in Calycanths we have the apetalous structure 

 and aromatic quaUties of Laurels combined with the peculiar characters of Roseworts. 



The Rosal AUiance is in many instances knowTi by its indefinite stamens, but that 

 character is not foimd in any large ninnber of Legiuninous plants, and is departed from 

 even among Roseworts themselves. Their apocarpous fruit, small number of seeds, and 

 amygdaloid embryo, are better characteristics. The obhquity of the carpels will in all 

 instances show that those organs are simple, and a part of a system of separation, not 

 consoHdation, and by this circumstance Roseworts are clearly kno^-n from Daphnals, in 

 which the fruit, although simple in appearance, has probably a compound stinictm-e. 



Rosals touch Ficoidals by Sangmsorbs, and Saxifragals by Roseworts themselves ; for 

 the genera of the latter have not unfrequently been confoimded by even good Botanists 

 wdth those of Saxifrages. The small embryo and albumen of the latter offer, however, 

 a clear mark of distinction. 



Natural Orders of Rosals. 

 Flowers consisting of numerous imhricated scales. Cotyledons ^ ^qj Calycanthace^ 



convolute J " ' 



Flowers polypetalous (or apetalous), nearly or quite regular. 



Carpel solitary. Style proceeding from the iase of the ^208. Chrysobalanace.!:. 



lar.'] 

 the 1 2( 



Flowers polypetalous (or apetalous), papnlionaceous or legu- "| 



minous. Carpel solitary, with the style proceeding from > 209. Fabace^. 



the apex of the ovary J 



Flowers polypetalous, regidar, drupaceous. Carpel solitary,'\2\Q Drupace^ 



with the style proceeding from the apex of the ovary . . j ' 

 Flowers polypetalous, regular. Carpels adhering to the calyx \o\\ Pomaceje. 



hy their bach j ' 



Flowers apetalous. Carpel solitary, inclosed in a hardened'] 2\2 Sanguisorbace.!: 

 calyx-tube forming a false pericarp J "" 



Flowers polypetalous. Carpels free from the calyx, and quite 1 -2^ 3^ Rosace^e. 

 or nearly so from each other } 



