ROSALES.] 



POMACEiE. 



559 



Order CCXI. POMACEiE.— Appleworts. 



Rosaceae , § Pomacese, ^i<w. Gen. 334. (1789); DC. Prodr. 2. 626. (1825). 

 Trans. 13. 93. (1821) ; Endl. Gen. cclxx. 



-Pomaceffi, Lindl. in Linn. 



Diagnosis. — Rosal Exogens, with 2>olypetalous o'egidar Jlotvers, and carpels adhering to the 



calyx by the back. 

 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, stipulate, simple, or compound. Flowers 

 solitary, or in terminal cymes, white or pink. Calyx adherent, 5-toothed ; the odd 

 segment posterior. Petals 5, imguiculate, inserted in the tliroat of the calyx ; the odd 



Fig. CCCLXXVIII. 1 



one anterior. Stamens indefinite, inserted in a ring in the throat of the calyx. Disk 

 thin, clothing the sides of the tube of the calyx. Ovaries from 1 to 5, adhering more 

 or less to the sides of the calyx and each other ; ovules anatropal, usually 2, collateral, 

 ascending, very rarely soHtary, sometimes 00 ; styles from 1 to 5 ; stigmas simple. 

 Fruit a pome, 1- to 5-celled, seldom spuriously 10 -celled ; the endocarp either 

 cartilaginous, spongy, or bony. Seeds ascending, soUtary. Albumen none ; embryo 

 erect, with flat cotyledons, or convolute ones in Chamsemeles, and a short inferior 

 conical radicle. 



Appleworts are closely allied to Roseworts, from which they differ in the adhesion of 

 the carpels with the sides of the calyx, and more or less with each other. The fruit is 

 always a pome ; that is, it is made up of a fleshy calyx adlierrng to fleshy or bony 

 ovaries, containing a definite number of seeds. Appleworts are peculiarly distinguished 

 by their ovides being in pairs, and side by side ; while Roseworts, when they have 2 or 

 more ascending ovules, always have them placed one above the other. Cultivated 



Fig. CCCLXXVIII.— 1. branch of Pyrus communis ; 2. its flower divided verticaUy ; 3. across section 

 of its fruit ; 4. perpendicular section of the ftiiit of Pyrus Malus. 



