GRASS FAMILY 85 



Lemma f without the awns) 5-8 mm. long; plant usually over 3 dm. 

 high. 

 Old sheaths of the mnovations brown and papery. 



8. /•'. calligcra. 

 Old sheaths of the innovations neither brown nor papery. 



Basal leaf-sheaths short, remaining involute ni age; blades 

 of stem-leaves rarely 8 em. long. 

 Awn short, less than half as long as the lemma; inflores- 

 rencc dense and narrow. 9. F. sazhnontana. 



Awn long, from nearly equalling to much exceeding the 

 lemma; inflorescence open. 

 Awn little if at all exceeding the lemma in length; 

 ovary glabrous. 

 Leaves scabrous. 10. F. ingrala. 



Leaves smooth. 11. F. idahoensis. 



Awn much exceeding the lemma; ovary liispidulous 

 at the apex. 12. F. occidentalis. 



Basal sheaths long and becoming flattened in age, often 1 

 dm. long; blades of the stem-leaves over 1 dm. long. 



1.3. F. arizonica. 

 Pulvini at the bases of the branches of the panicle rather conspicuous; 

 tufts separable with difliculty. 14. F. viridula. 



Body of the lemma S-12 mm. long; leaf-blades soon breaking off from the 

 sheath; palet notched at t4ie apex; bunch-grasses. 

 Branches of the panicle spreading or reflexed; spikelets shining; leaves 



smooth beneath. 15. F. allaica. 



Branches of the panicle erect or ascending; spikelets rather dull; leaves 

 very scabrous. 

 Plant 5-15 dm. high; basal sheaths long, loose, in age more or less 

 flattened; empty glumes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; second 

 glume shorter than the spikelet. 16. F. carnpcstris. 



Plant 3-5 dm. high; basal sheaths usually short and close even in 

 age; emptv glumes acute, lanceolate; second glume about equal- 

 ling the spikelet>. 17. F. scabrclla. 

 Ligules elongate, 4-9 mm. long, acute. IS. F. 1 hurberi,. 

 Leaf-blades all flat, 4 mm. wide or more; perennials with rootstocks. 



Lemma abruptly acute, not at all keeled. . 19. F. elatior. 



Lemma awned or awn-pointed, keeled at least above the middle. 

 Awn or awn-point shorter than the lemma. 



Lemma distinctly 5-nerved; awn from the cleft apex; panicle ciliate. 



20. F. dasyclada. 

 Lemma with indistinct intermediate nerves; awn terminal: panicle not 

 ciliate. 21. F. sororia. 



Awn longer than the lemma. 22. F. subulala. 



Annuals; stamens usually solitary. 



Spikelets 5-13-flowered; both glumes subulate. 23. F. octoflora. 



Spikelets loosely 1-5-flowered ; first glume subulate, the second lanceolate. 



Branches of the slKjrt panicle normally divergent, a pulvinus at the base of at 

 least one of them. 

 Spikelets usually .3-5-flowered, only the main branches of the inflorescence 



divergent. 24. F. pacifica. 



Spikelets visually 1-3-flowered; all branches divergent or reflexed. 



25. F. reflexa. 

 Branches of the elongated narrow panicle erect and appressed. 



26. F. megalura. 



1. F. Kitaibeliana Schultes. Stem 2-5 dm. high; blades of stem-leaves 

 flat, 3-12 cm. long; inflorescence narrow, often secmid; spikelets 8-12 mm. long, 

 5-9-flowered; emjity glumes unequal, 2-4 mm. long, lanceolate, glabrous; lemma 

 narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long; awn scabrous, 2—4 nnn. long. Hills and 

 mountain sides: Greenl. — -N.B. — Wyo. — Ore. — Alaska; Eurasia. Suhmnnt. 

 Jg-Xu. 



2. F. rubra L. Stem 3-10 dm. high; blades soft, green or (in var. glaucoidea 

 Piper) more or less glaucous; panicle 5-20 cm. long, often narrow; spikelets 4-6- 

 flowered, 7-8 mm. long, green or more or less glaucous, often purple-tinged; 

 lemma 5-7 mm. long, lanceolate; awn scabrous, 1-4 mm. long. Hills: Greenl.— 

 Va. — Colo. — Alaska; Eurasia. Suhuwid. — Subalp. Je-Au. 



3. F. vallicola Rydb. Stem 4-10 dm. high, slender, hght-colored, smooth 

 and shining; leaf-blades all filiform, 5-10 cm. long; panicle narrow, about 5 cm. 

 long; spikelets 4-7-flowered, 8-10 mm. long; lemma about 5 mm. long, lanceo- 

 late, indistinctly 5-7-nerved, smooth or minutely scabrous; awn 2-4 mm. long. 

 Meadows: Mont. — Wyo. Submont. Jl-Au. 



4. F. Earlei Rydb. Stem about 3 dm, high, very slender; basal leaf -blades 

 5-10 cm. long, strongly involute, 0.5 mm. wide or le.ss; stem-leaves 3-5 cm. long, 



