SEDGE FAMILY 141 



tillate scales ovate, mostly reddish, copper- or chestnut-tinged. Perigynia 

 ascending, spreading or deflexed, membranaceous, smooth, many-nerved, some- 

 what inflated, obscurely triangular, rounded at the base, contracted into a bi- 

 dentate beak, the teeth very erect. Achenes triangular, with flat faces, con- 

 tinuoxis with the very slender erect or flexuous style. Stigmas 3. 



149. C. viridula Michx. Densely cespitose, not yellowish green, the culms 

 0.7-4 tlm. tall, smooth, bluntly triangular; leaf-blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, canalicu- 

 late, the sheaths not prolonged at throat; staminate spike sessile or short-ped- 

 uncled; pistillate sj^ikes 2-10, aggregate or the lower separate and exsert- 

 peduncled, 4-12 mm. long, 4-7 mm. wide; scales ovate, much shorter than the 

 perigynia, obtuse or acutish; perigynia whitish-tipped, tapering at the base. C. 

 Oederi Am. auth., in part. Lake and river banks: Newf. — N.J. — -N.D. — Colo. — - 

 Utah— B.C.— Calif. Plain— Mont. Je-Au. 



160. C. flava L. Yellowish green; culms 1.5-6 dm. tall, smooth or nearly 

 so; leaf-blades 2-5 mm. wide; staminate spike sessile or stalked; pistillate spikes 

 1-4, aggregated or the lower separate, 6-18 mm. long, 9-12 mm. wide; scales 

 ovate, strongly reddish tinged, conspicuous at maturity; perigynia 5-6 mm. long, 

 the beak deflexed, reddish-tipped. Wet meadows: Newf. — -N.J. — Ohio — -Mont. 

 —B.C. Mont.— Sub mont. Je-S. 



44. Pauciflorae Tuckerm. Long-stoloniferous. Culms slender. Leaf- 

 blades narrow. Spike solitary, androgynous, bractless, narrow. Pistillate 

 scales soon falling. Perigynia few, short-stipitate, soon widely spreading or 

 reflexed, obscurely triangular, straw-colored, subulate-beaked, obliquely cut. 

 Achenes triangular, linear-oblong. Stigmas 3. 



151. C. microglochin Wahl. Culms 8-25 cm. high, smooth; culm-leaves 

 4-8; pistillate scales very quickly deciduous; perigynia 3-12, 4-6 mm. long, 

 obscurely nerved, smooth. Arctic-alpine localities: Greenl. — Ont. — Alta. — - 

 B.C.; reported from Colo.; Eurasia. Alp. Jl-Au. 



152. C. pauciflora Lightf. Culms 10-25 cm. high, rough on the angles; culm- 

 leaves 2-3; perigynia 1-6, 6-7 mm. long, obscurely several-nerved, smooth. 

 Sphagnum swamps: Newf. — -N.Y. — -Mich. — -Wash. — -Alaska; Eurasia. (Not 

 definitely known from our range.) Boreal — -Mont. Je-Au. 



45. Pseudo-Cypereae Tuckerm. Culms tall, generally stout, acutely 

 angled, leafy below. Leaf-blades flat, septate-nodulose. Spikes 3-9, the upper 

 1-3 slender, staminate, the others normally pistillate, densely flowered, the upper 

 approximate, the lower remote and strongly peduncled, often nodding. Bracts 

 leaf-like, much exceeding the culms, mostly not sheathing. Pistillate scales 

 aristate. Perigynia s])reading or reflexed, membranaceous or stiff, triangular 

 or circular in cross-section, 3-8 mm. long, closely many-ribbed, greenish straw- 

 color, smooth, stipitate, contracted into a rigid, slender beak. Achenes triangular, 

 continuous with the slender often flexuous style. Stigmas 3, short. 



153. C. hystricina Muhl. Culms 3-9 dm. tall, reddened at the base, rough 

 above; leaf-blades 3-8 mm. wide; staminate spike slender-stalked, the scales 

 rough-awned; pistillate spikes 1-4, densely many-flowered, 1-6 cm. long, 10-14 

 mm. wide, the lower slender-stalked; scales rough-awned; perigynia 5-6 mm. 

 long, 15-20-nerved. Swampy soil: Newf. — Ga. — Tex. — Ariz. — Calif. — Alta. 

 Plain. Je-Au. 



154. C. comosa Boott. Culms stout, up to 15 dm. tall, sharply angled; 

 leaf-blades 6-14 mm. wide; staminate spike as in the last; pistillate spikes as in 

 the last but 12-14 mm. wide; scales very rough-awned; perigynia rigid, closely 

 many-ribbed, reflexed when mature. Swamps: N.S.— Minn. — -Fla. — La.; 

 Calif. — Wash. — -Ida. Plain — Suhmont. Je-Au. 



46. Phvsocarpae Drejer. Culms mostl}^ tall and stout, leafy below. Leaves 

 not hairy, septate-nodulose. Spikes 2-10, the upper 1-5 staminate, the others 

 normally pistillate, subglobose to linear-cylindric, generally closely many- 

 flowered, erect, short-peduncled, more or less remote. Bracts leaf-like, much 



