LILY FAMILY 163 



Family 21. LILIACEAE. Lily Family. 



Perennial herbs, mostly caulescent, with bulbs, corms, or short rootstocks. 

 Flowers in terminal racemes, cor>anbs, panicles, or rarely solitary. Sepals 

 and petals each 3, similar, petaloid, sometimes parti}' united. Stamens 6. 

 Pistils of 3 united carpels; ovary superior, 3-celled; styles united. Fruit a 

 loculicidal capsule. 



Plant with a short rootstock; flowers subumbellate on subterranean pedicels from the 



crown of the rootstock ; petals and sepals united into a long tube. I . Leucochinxjm. 

 Plant with bulbs or corms, either leafy -stemmed or scapiferous; petals and sepals distinct 

 or nearly so. 

 Bulb scaly; plant tall, leafy. 



Anthers versatile; petals and sepals oblanceolate, clawed, with a linear nectariferous 



groove. 2. Lilium. 



Anthers fi.xed near the base, slightly if at all versatile; petals and sepals obovate- 

 oblanceolate, not clawed; nectary a shallow pit. 

 Styles distinct from the middle; flowers purple, mottled with yellowish green; 



fruit winged. .3. Fritili.aria. 



Styles connate to the summit; flowers yellow or orange; fruit not winged. 



4. OCHROCODON. 



Bulb tunicated. 



Anthers strictly basiflxed. 



Leaves 2, basal or nearly so; flowers nodding. 5. Erythronium. 



Leaves several, alternate; flowers not nodding. 



Flowers in ours usually sohtary; pedicels not jointed; dwarf alpine plant. 



6. LTyOYDL\. 



Flowers racemose; pedicels jointed below the middle; not alpine. 



7. Eremocrintjm. 

 Anthers versatile; scapose plants with racemose flowers. 8. Quam.vsia. 



1. LEUCOCRINUM Nutt. Star of Bethlehem, Mountain Lily, 

 Wild Tuberose. 



Low acaulescent herbs, with short rootstock and fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves 

 basal, numerous, surrounded by scarious sheaths. Flowers in umbel-like sessile 

 clusters, with pedicels and ovaries under groimd. Petals and sepals each 3, 

 alike, united below into a long tube. Stamens 6; filaments adnate below to the 

 tube of the perianth; anthers linear, attached near the base, introrse; style much 

 elongated, filiform; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule triangular, obovoid. 



1. L. montanum Nutt. Leaves thick, numerous, 1-2 dm. long, 2-8 mm. 

 broad; flowers 4-S; perianth white; tube 3-S cm. long; lobes linear-oblong, about 

 2 cm. long; capsule truncate, 6-S mm. long, 12-18-seeded. Hills and plains: 

 Mont.— S.D.— n N.M.— Calif.— Ore. PlainSubmont. My-Je. 



2. LILIUM (Tourn.) L. Lily. 



Tall, leafy herbs, with thick-scaly bulbs and large funnelform or campanulate 

 flowers. Petals and sepals each 3, similar, distinct, each with a nectariferous 

 groove at the base within. Stamens 6; filaments filiform or subulate; anthers 

 hnear, versatile, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 3-celled, many-ovuled; style 

 long, somewhat clavate; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule oblong or obovoid; seeds 

 numerous, flat, horizontal, in 2 rows in each cavity. 



Flower erect, solitary or subumbellate; petals and sepals unguiculate. 



Leaves linear. 1. L. umbellatum. 



Leaves lanceolate. 2. L. montanum. 



Flowers several, racemose, nodding; petals and sepals not unguiculate. 



3. L. columbianum. 



1. L. umbellatum Pursh. Stem leafy, 3-6 dm. high; leaves linear, acute, 

 4-7 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, mostly alternate and scattered, the uppermost 

 forming one, seldom two whorls; flowers 1-3, umbellate; petals and sepals 5-6 

 cm. long; blade oval, red or orange, spotted below, acute; capsule almost cyl- 

 indrical, about 6 cm. long, 15 mm. thick. In dry open woods: Mich.— N.M. — 

 Ohio — Sask. — -Ark. Plain — Suhmont. Je-Jl. 



2. L. montanum A. Nels. A plant similar to the preceding, but with 

 broader leaves; leaves, except the uppermost, alternate and scattered, 5-8 cm. 

 long, 6-10 mm. wide; whorl 1, seldom 2; petals and sepals 5-6 cm. long; blades 



